A framework for considering the role of afference and efference in the control and perception of ocular position

Mon-Williams, Mark; Tresilian, James R.

doi:10.1007/s004220050469

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…This tone is regulated by the internal monitoring of the innervations sent to the muscles (efference copy) with the afferent proprioceptive discharge. 18 The role of eye proprioception discharge is enhanced for visual localization when there is a conflict with the oculomotor plan perception, as was the case in our study. 8 Because proprioceptive information from the eye muscles is carried by the upper branch of the trigeminal nerve, it is therefore not so surprising that oral changes may interfere when ocular Table 1 Example of calculating the index of lability (postural condition = sitting in natural position without oral modification).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Are changes in the stomatognatic system able to modify the eye balance in dyslexia?

Mettey

Bouvier

Jooste

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

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To clarify the link between eye muscle function and oral information by comparing 21 dyslexic readers (DR) and 14 normal readers (NR). Methods: Changes in vertical heterophoria (VH) were measured using the Maddox Rod Test performed according to oral modifications and postural conditions. The Spearman correlation was used to assess whether reading delay was correlated with the lability index. Results: Overall, 50% of NR children and 81% of DR experienced at least one variation in visual perception (p = 0.053). Among DR, the less reading delay they had, the higher their index of lability (p = 0.026), whereas there was no significant correlation among NR. Changes in the Maddox Test were more frequent in DR than in NR after the addition of sensory and postural stimuli, except for one specific posture. For sensory stimuli, the mean lability index was 1.35 in NR and 4.19 in DR, (p = 0.001). For postural stimuli, it was 0.71 and 2.61, (p = 0.003). Conclusions: It is possible to modify visual perception by changing sensory or mechanical stimuli. Changes are more frequent in DR than in NR. Postural control can be improved with guided oral stimulations. Significance: These results reinforce the importance of professional cooperation in the care of dyslexic readers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Are changes in the stomatognatic system able to modify the eye balance in dyslexia?

Mettey

Bouvier

Jooste

et al. 2019

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

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“…This was driven by a smaller CCE for the asynchronous movements in the same‐side condition. We suggest that the increased visual uncertainty in the asynchronous condition may have been caused by the incorrect predictive efferent information regarding the location of the hand (Mon‐Williams & Tresilian, ; Van Beers et al ., ). This finding shows that predictive efferent information is involved in multisensory integration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Visuo‐tactile integration and body ownership during self‐generated action

Rognini

Sengül

Aspell

et al. 2013

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Although there is increasing knowledge about how visual and tactile cues from the hands are integrated, little is known about how self-generated hand movements affect such multisensory integration. Visuo-tactile integration often occurs under highly dynamic conditions requiring sensorimotor updating. Here, we quantified visuo-tactile integration by measuring cross-modal congruency effects (CCEs) in different bimanual hand movement conditions with the use of a robotic platform. We found that classical CCEs also occurred during bimanual self-generated hand movements, and that such movements lowered the magnitude of visuo-tactile CCEs as compared to static conditions. Visuo-tactile integration, body ownership and the sense of agency were decreased by adding a temporal visuo-motor delay between hand movements and visual feedback. These data show that visual stimuli interfere less with the perception of tactile stimuli during movement than during static conditions, especially when decoupled from predictive motor information. The results suggest that current models of visuo-tactile integration need to be extended to account for multisensory integration in dynamic conditions.

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“…Any change in the level of tonic vergence alters the effort required to fuse for all fixation distances (Foley 1991), thus introducing a systematic bias in distance perception (von Hofsten 1979;Foley 1985). The vergence effort must be caused by a descending signal, but it might be sensed by, both, efference copy and afferent feedback, as modeled by Mon-Williams and Tresilian (1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

How perceived egocentric distance varies with changes in tonic vergence

Priot

Neveu²,

Sillan

et al. 2012

Exp Brain Res

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According to the eye muscle potentiation (EMP) hypothesis, sustained vergence leads to changes in egocentric perceived distance. This perceptual effect has been attributed to a change in the resting or tonic state of vergence. The goal of the present study was to test the EMP hypothesis by quantifying the relationship between prism-induced changes in tonic vergence and corresponding changes in perceived distance and by measuring the dynamics of changes in perceived distance. During a 10-min exposure to 5-diopter base-out prisms that increased the vergence demand, thirteen right-handed subjects pointed to visual targets located within reaching space using their left hand, without visual feedback. Pre- and post-exposure tests assessed tonic vergence through phoria measurements and egocentric distance estimate through pointing to visual targets with each hand successively, without visual feedback. Similar distance aftereffects were observed for both hands, although only the left hand was used during exposure, indicating that these aftereffects are mediated by visual processes rather than by visuomotor interactions. The distance aftereffects were significantly correlated with prism-induced changes in phoria, demonstrating a relationship between perceived distance and the level of tonic vergence. Changes in perceived distance increased monotonically across trials during prism exposure and remained stable during the post-test, indicating a long time constant for these perceptual effects, consistent with current models of the vergence control system. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that vergence plays a role in reduced-cue distance perception. They further illustrate that variations in tonic vergence influence perceived distance by altering the sensed vergence effort.

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A framework for considering the role of afference and efference in the control and perception of ocular position

Cited by 12 publications

References 93 publications

Are changes in the stomatognatic system able to modify the eye balance in dyslexia?

Are changes in the stomatognatic system able to modify the eye balance in dyslexia?

Visuo‐tactile integration and body ownership during self‐generated action

How perceived egocentric distance varies with changes in tonic vergence

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