A framework for designing hand hygiene educational interventions in schools

Appiah-Brempong, Emmanuel; Harris, Muriel J.; Newton, Samuel S.; Gulis, Gabriel

doi:10.1007/s00038-017-1066-2

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…During the adolescence stage, self-care activities become more important as the body begins to mature and physiologic changes start to occur [24]. Personal hygiene practice is affected by many factors which are the developmental level, cultural background, socioeconomic status, personal habits, and health status [25, 26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assessment of Hygiene Practices towards Predictive and Preventive Medicine Intervention: A Case Study of University Students in Ghana

Odonkor

Kitcher²,

Okyere

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Introduction. Personal hygiene is essential to the current paradigm shift towards predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine, which enables the prediction and prevention of infectious disease outbreaks. Objective. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the personal hygiene practices among university students aiming at providing a basis for preventive and predictive medical interventions and to make future efforts improve target interventions for young people. Methods. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study. Validated instruments that related personal hygiene practices were used to obtain quantitative data from 412 tertiary students from seven universities in Accra, Ghana. The resulting data were analyzed with IBM-SPSS, version 23. Results. There were more female respondents (54.4%) in the study than male respondents (45.6%). Respondents between the age group of 19-24 years constituted majority (59.7%) of the respondents in the study. Respondents from urban areas exhibited good hygiene practice compared to those from urban residences. There was a significant association between residence and hygiene practice (χ2=17.8, P≤0.001). We also observed that those respondents within the upper class in society had a poor hygiene practice, compared to the Lower Class and Middle Class respondents. Lack of education (63.1%) was observed as the main barrier to personal hygiene among the respondents. Future of the society depends on the health of its youth. Conclusion. A significant number of students are not actively practicing good hygiene. There is a need for deployment of preventive medicine interventions targeted at young people. It calls for improvement in methods of hygiene education for young people in tertiary institutions and the inclusion of hygiene in school curricula.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Assessment of Hygiene Practices towards Predictive and Preventive Medicine Intervention: A Case Study of University Students in Ghana

Odonkor

Kitcher²,

Okyere

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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“…Although some research has been conducted in nonclinical communities on how and when hand hygiene is effective, 25 including food service, 26 collegiate, 27,28 and other educational settings, 29,30 the effectiveness of the diagrams responsible for communicating proper procedure to the general public has received little attention.…”

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confidence: 99%

Improving the communication of hand hygiene procedures: Controlled observation, redesign, and randomized group comparisons

Durso

Parmar

Heidish

et al. 2020

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Objective: To assess the clarity and efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO) hand-rub diagram, develop a modified version, and compare the 2 diagrams. Design: Randomized group design preceded by controlled observation and iterative product redesigns. Setting: The Cognitive Ergonomics Lab in the School of Psychology at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Participants: We included participants who were unfamiliar with the WHO hand-rub diagram (convenience sampling) to ensure that performance was based on the diagram and not, for example, on prior experience. Methods: We iterated through the steps of a human factors design procedure: (1) Participants simulated hand hygiene using ultraviolet (UV) absorbent lotion and a hand-rub technique diagram (ie, WHO or a redesign). (2) Coverage, confusion judgments, and behavioral videos informed potentially improved diagrams. And (3) the redesigned diagrams were compared with the WHO version in a randomized group design. Coverage was assessed across 72 hand areas from multiple UV photographs. Results: The WHO diagram led to multiple omissions in hand-surface coverage, including inadequate coverage by up to 75% of participants for the ulnar edge. The redesigns improved coverage significantly overall and often substantially. Conclusions: Human factors modification to the WHO diagram reduced inadequate coverage for naïve users. Implementation of an improved diagram should help in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections.

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“…This makes the teacher’s hand hygiene behaviour an integral component in promoting positive hand hygiene behaviour among primary school pupils. Snow et al ( 2008 ), cited by Appiah-Brempong et al ( 2017 ), affirm that a teacher’s cue to action in combination with hand hygiene educational intervention is effective in promoting hand hygiene behaviour among school pupils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of handwashing behaviour among primary school teachers in a district of Ghana

Gbolu

Appiah-Brempong

Okyere

et al. 2023

Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine

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Background: Hand hygiene practise is an effective school-based measure for infectious disease prevention, especially in developing countries. School children model their behaviour through the observation of significant others, including teachers. However, little is known about the handwashing behaviour and factors influencing the handwashing practises of teachers at the primary school level in Ghana. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among 214 primary school teachers, recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire which were designed based on selected constructs in the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Health Belief Model. Data analyses was done with the aid of STATA software, version 14.0. To identify determinants of hand washing with soap (HWWS) among participants, correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used. Results: The participants’ mean SD age was 34.7 7.6 years, ranging from 20 to 51 years. The majority were males (87.9%). The majority (84.0% and 86.0%) of the teachers, respectively, reported HWWS practises after using the toilet and before eating with bare hands. A correlation was found between reported HWWS practise and toilet use ( r = 0.64; p = 0.001) and eating with bare hands ( r = 0.84; p = 0.001). A multiple linear regression analysis found that knowledge ( p = 0.001), attitude toward HWWS ( p = 0.002), and teachers’ perception of the severity of diarrhoea ( p = 0.009) were determinants of teachers’ reported HWWS behaviours. Conclusion: Teachers’ perceptions of their susceptibility to and severity of diarrhoea, and their knowledge and attitude towards HWWS at critical times should be focus areas for handwashing programmes to achieve the desired outcomes.

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A framework for designing hand hygiene educational interventions in schools

Abstract: A framework underpinned by formalized psychosocial theories has relevance and could enhance the design of hand hygiene educational interventions, especially in schools.

Cited by 11 publications

References 31 publications

Self-Assessment of Hygiene Practices towards Predictive and Preventive Medicine Intervention: A Case Study of University Students in Ghana

Self-Assessment of Hygiene Practices towards Predictive and Preventive Medicine Intervention: A Case Study of University Students in Ghana

Improving the communication of hand hygiene procedures: Controlled observation, redesign, and randomized group comparisons

Determinants of handwashing behaviour among primary school teachers in a district of Ghana

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