A Framework for Multinational Medical Support for the International Space Station: A Model for Exploration

Doarn, Charles R.; Polk, J. D.; Grigoriev, A. I.; Comtois, J. M.; Shimada, Kazuhito; Weerts, Guillaume; Dervay, Joseph P.; Taddeo, Terrance A.; Sargsyan, Ashot E.

doi:10.3357/amhp.5771.2021

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Gravity and terrestrial life forced organisms to evolve the capacity to convert gravitational forces into biochemical stimuli that link intracellular and molecular changes, modulate the architectural organization of the cytoplasm and nucleus, and enable the adaptation of organisms to this constant and pervasive force 65,66 . Studies reported several cellular changes when organisms face extreme conditions, as the reduced gravity or microgravity experienced by astronauts during hyper‐acceleration in spaceflights or during long‐duration stays at the International Space Station (ISS) 67 …”

Section: Immunometabolic Disturbances During Skeletal Muscle Disuse: ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…65,66 Studies reported several cellular changes when organisms face extreme conditions, as the reduced gravity or microgravity experienced by astronauts during hyper-acceleration in spaceflights or during longduration stays at the International Space Station (ISS). 67 Astronauts experience rapid and severe muscle atrophy during long-term missions in space, which mainly include their postural muscles. 68 Indeed, the skeletal muscle system suffers from unloading, resulting in muscle wasting and dysfunction, 69,70 and impact in the astronaut's ability to perform certain activities during conditions of weightlessness.…”

Section: Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Costly immunometabolic remodelling in disused muscle buildup through physical exercise

et al. 2022

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The mechanisms underlying the immunometabolic disturbances during skeletal muscle atrophy caused by a plethora of circumstances ranging from hospitalization to spaceflight missions remain unknown. Here, we outline the possible pathways that might be dysregulated in such conditions and assess the potential of physical exercise to mitigate and promote the recovery of muscle morphology, metabolism and function after intervals of disuse. Studies applying exercise to attenuate disuse‐induced muscle atrophy have shown a pivotal role of circulating myokines in the activation of anabolic signalling pathways. These muscle‐derived factors induce accretion of contractile proteins in the myofibers, and at the same time decrease protein breakdown and loss. Regular exercise plays a crucial role in re‐establishing adequate immunometabolism and increasing the migration and presence in the muscle of macrophages with an anti‐inflammatory phenotype (M2) and T regulatory cells (Tregs) after disease‐induced muscle loss. Additionally, the switch in metabolic pathways (glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation [OXPHOS]) is important for achieving rapid metabolic homeostasis during muscle regeneration. In this review, we discuss the molecular aspects of the immunometabolic response elicited by exercise during skeletal muscle regeneration. There is not, nevertheless, consensus on a single optimal intensity of exercise required to improve muscle strength, mass and functional capacity owing to the wide range of exercise protocols studied so far. Despite the absence of agreement on the specific strategy, physical exercise appears as a powerful complementary strategy to attenuate the harmful effects of muscle disuse in different scenarios.

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Section: Immunometabolic Disturbances During Skeletal Muscle Disuse: ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spaceflightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costly immunometabolic remodelling in disused muscle buildup through physical exercise

et al. 2022

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“…Over the last 60 years, humanity has successfully explored the Earth's orbital space, and presently, space researchers are focusing on the Moon. There are plans for small crews to land on the Moon surface and to build lunar orbital stations and moon bases for further work on engineering, medical, biological, and other technologies and methods to be used in long-term interplanetary missions [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Support for Space Missions: The Case of the SIRIUS Project

et al. 2023

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Medical support is one of the essential safety conditions for isolation or confinement experiments, as it enables the timely arrangement of actions to preserve the health of crew members and volunteers. Such analog experiments allow the testing of prospective medical technologies and methods for health support in long-term space missions and on-planet stations. In the current paper, we report the results of the medical control within the medical support system of the two model isolation experiments of the SIRIUS series, lasting for 4 and 8 months, respectively. The results indicate the prevalence of headache complaints, skin inflammatory reactions, and sleep disturbance during the longer confinement experiment. In addition, signs of vitamin D deficiency were revealed in 10 of the 12 objects. The data exchange with the scientific branch of the experiments provides for the in-time detection of early symptoms of disease, using samples of blood, urine, saliva, epithelia, etc. However, the issues of medical data confidence and, subsequently, of the crew members’ compliance with the medical staff, become pointed. In general, the work demonstrates the expediency of the investigations, including the data collection and analysis of the medical control indicators in further experiments, for the optimization of the medical support of both the analogous research projects and the development of the recommendations for the medical support of small autonomous groups, such as manned space missions.

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