“…and go on to define stakeholder theory as 'a theory of organizational management and ethics' [15]. In addition, Meding et al [3] have mentioned the importance of fully embracing stakeholder theories in construction projects due to the increase of stakeholders' diversity, power, and influence. However, Smyth [16], as cited by Meding et al [3], discussed the utilitarian approach, which bases the value of a firm in terms of profit and growth.…”