A framework for surveillance of emerging pathogens at the human-animal interface: Pigs and coronaviruses as a case study

Pepin, Kim M.; Miller, Ryan S.; Wilber, M.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105281

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…We argue that such tools are necessary, the current COVID-19 pandemic making these tools more apparent than ever, as both domestic and wild animals and humans may easily experience cross-species infections from coronaviruses. Pepin et al mentioned that the surveillance of divergent CoVs in the swine population was essential, considering the rapid evolution of coronaviruses and the high levels of contact between domestic pigs and humans in ordinary life [ 14 ]. Especially, they found in previous reports that human CoVs can replicate in porcine cells (e.g., SARS-CoV-2), which may increase the potential zoonotic transmission of CoVs in pigs and humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assay for rapid viral screening of animal, human, and environmental specimens

et al. 2021

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We examined a collection of 386 animal, 451 human, and 109 archived bioaerosol samples with a new pan-species coronavirus molecular assay. Thirty-eight (4.02%) of 946 specimens yielded evidence of human or animal coronaviruses. Our findings demonstrate the utility of employing the pan-CoV RT-PCR assay in detecting varied coronavirus among human, animal, and environmental specimens. This RT-PCR assay might be employed as a screening diagnostic for early detection of coronaviruses incursions or prepandemic coronavirus emergence in animal or human populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assay for rapid viral screening of animal, human, and environmental specimens

et al. 2021

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“…( 2017 ) and adopted to guide surveillance design at the wildlife–livestock–human interface by Pepin et al. ( 2021 ). We extended these frameworks by including directional risks associated with initial disease introduction (Miller & Pepin, 2019 ), in our case, transboundary introduction, to further prioritize areas for surveillance with the objective of early detection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These generally ill‐understood pathways of introduction and how they relate to the likelihood of pathogen establishment complicate the development of surveillance systems that are sensitive and robust in the face of changing risks through time. Quantitative approaches can be the most effectual method for defining surveillance priorities because of their capacity to assimilate and evaluate multiple, frequently complex processes simultaneously while accounting for potential uncertainties (Huyvaert et al., 2018 ; Manlove et al., 2019 ; Pepin et al., 2021 , 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important gap of disease surveillance systems is accounting for disease introduction risks arising from processes in source and recipient host populations (Lloyd‐Smith et al., 2009 ; Pepin et al., 2021 ). Pathogen emergence and introduction risk can be altered through changes in source or recipient population ecology and should be accounted for when designing surveillance systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive risk‐based targeted surveillance for foreign animal diseases at the wildlife‐livestock interface

Miller

Bevins

Cook

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Animal disease surveillance is an important component of the national veterinary infrastructure to protect animal agriculture and facilitates identification of foreign animal disease (FAD) introduction. Once introduced, pathogens shared among domestic and wild animals are especially challenging to manage due to the complex ecology of spillover and spillback. Thus, early identification of FAD in wildlife is critical to minimize outbreak severity and potential impacts on animal agriculture as well as potential impacts on wildlife and biodiversity. As a result, national surveillance and monitoring programs that include wildlife are becoming increasingly common. Designing surveillance systems in wildlife or, more importantly, at the interface of wildlife and domestic animals, is especially challenging because of the frequent lack of ecological and epidemiological data for wildlife species and technical challenges associated with a lack of non-invasive methodologies. To meet the increasing need for targeted FAD surveillance and to address gaps in existing wildlife surveillance systems, we developed an adaptive risk-based targeted surveillance approach that accounts for risks in source and recipient host populations. The approach is flexible, accounts for changing disease risks through time, can be scaled from local to national extents and permits the inclusion of quantitative data or when information is limited to expert opinion. We apply this adaptive risk-based surveillance framework to prioritize areas for surveillance in wild pigs in the United States with the objective of early detection of three diseases: classical swine fever, African swine fever and foot-and-mouth disease. We discuss our surveillance framework, its application to wild pigs and discuss the utility of this framework for surveillance of other host species and diseases.

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“…Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the Alphacoronavirus genus of the Coronaviridae family, can induce swine acute gastrointestinal symptoms characterized by dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, and high mortality in newborn and suckling piglets, resulting in considerable economic damage to the global swine industry [ 1 ]. Notably, the evolutionary origin of PEDV from bats and the ability of cross-species transmission pose potential threats to human health [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. In fact, the SARS-CoV genome shows evidence of recombination with PEDV at some point in its evolutionary history [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point-of-Care Tests for Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Tian

Pang

et al. 2022

Viruses

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The timely and accurate diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is crucial to reduce the risk of viral transmission. Therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the overall diagnostic accuracy of rapid point-of-care tests (POCTs) for PEDV. Studies published before 7 January 2022 were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Springer Link, and Web of Science databases, using subject headings or keywords related to point of care and rapid test diagnostic for PEDV and PED. Two investigators independently extracted data, rated risk of bias, and assessed the quality using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. The bivariate model and the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model were used for performing the meta-analysis. Threshold effect, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were applied to explore heterogeneity. Of the 2908 records identified, 24 eligible studies involving 3264 specimens were enrolled in the meta-analysis, including 11 studies on evaluation of lateral flow immunochromatography assay (ICA)-based, and 13 on nucleic acid isothermal amplification (NAIA)-based POCTs. The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97), 0.96 (95% CI 0.88–0.99) and 480 (95% CI 111–2074), respectively; for ICA-based POCTs and the corresponding values for NAIA-based, POCTs were 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99), 0.98 (95% CI 0.91–0.99) and 1517 (95% CI 290–7943), respectively. The two tests showed highly comparable and satisfactory diagnostic performance in clinical utility. These results support current recommendations for the use of rapid POC tests when PEDV is suspected.

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A framework for surveillance of emerging pathogens at the human-animal interface: Pigs and coronaviruses as a case study

Cited by 10 publications

References 99 publications

A pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assay for rapid viral screening of animal, human, and environmental specimens

A pan-coronavirus RT-PCR assay for rapid viral screening of animal, human, and environmental specimens

Adaptive risk‐based targeted surveillance for foreign animal diseases at the wildlife‐livestock interface

Point-of-Care Tests for Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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