A Framework for Understanding Human Factors Issues in Border Control Automation

Abstract

New security threats and increasing traveler flows as well as needs to enhance facilitation and security in EU external cross-border traffic have accelerated the use of novel technologies in border control. Especially at airports, automated border control, more commonly known as e-gates, have been taken widely into use. With e-gates, travelers perform border check as self-service, and the role of the border guards is to monitor or possibly also assist travelers passing the border. The introduction of automated systems significantly reshapes current ways of conducting border control from the border guard's perspective, and automation thus requires new skills from them. Understanding the effects of automation on the work tasks and work performance of border guards requires thorough examination. This paper introduces key Human Factors issues affecting border guard and border control system performance. The results are based on literature review and field studies conducted in different border control points within six European countries. The paper presents a Human Factors framework for understanding the complex nature of the border control and different factors influencing to both border control process and border guard performance within it.

Proposed System for a Socio-Technical Design Framework for Improved User Collaborations with Automation Technologies

“…HWID studies how to understand, conceptualise, and design for the complex and emergent contexts in which information and communication technologies (ICT) and work are entangled. [1] HWID models are based on the characteristics of humans and work domain contents and the interactions during their tasks and decision making activities ( Figure 1). HWID focuses on the integration of work analysis (i.e.…”

“…During the life cycle of any organisation, a variety of environmental stimuli will influence its operations and decision-making processes [1]. Complex organisational systems inevitably rely now on large-scale software-intensive systems which should be in line with the organisational goals and strategies.…”

“…Automation allows designers to transfer the burden from operators to machine by re-allocating the system tasks that were previously performed by human [3]. Several researchers have studied different aspects of implementation of advanced interactive technologies employing automation in different platforms [1,[3][4][5][6][7].…”

Proposed System for a Socio-technical Design Framework for Improved User Collaborations with Automation Technologies

“…HWID studies how to understand, conceptualise, and design for the complex and emergent contexts in which information and communication technologies (ICT) and work are entangled [1]. HWID models are based on the characteristics of humans and work domain contents and the interactions during their tasks and decision making activities (Figure 1).…”