A Framework for Understanding the Chronic Stress of Holocaust Survivors

Kahana, Boaz; Kahana, Eva; Harel, Zev; Kelly, Kathy; Monaghan, Pam; Holland, Lani

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9862-3_12

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Hence, the present study aimed to identify the chronic stressors that affect older individuals and the coping strategies they use, and to examine the association between chronic stressors, coping strategies and depressive tendencies. The chronic stressors include: (i) stressors where the event is continuous (for example, illness or debt); and (ii) stressors where the physical and mental influences caused by the event continue to affect the individuals (for example, the death of a close friend or a disaster) . In the present study, we viewed chronic stressors as an integration of these two types of stressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chronic stressors include: (i) stressors where the event is continuous (for example, illness or debt); and (ii) stressors where the physical and mental influences caused by the event continue to affect the individuals (for example, the death of a close friend or a disaster). 12 In the present study, we viewed chronic stressors as an integration of these two types of stressors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults

Murayama

Yamazaki

Yamaguchi

et al. 2020

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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Aims This study aimed to clarify the association between chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults. Methods We carried out a survey with 500 participants aged in their 70s, who were randomly selected from the basic resident register. Of these, 304 residents responded to the survey (60.8%). Results Findings from a factor analysis and cluster analysis revealed five groups of chronic stressors: physical, economic and interpersonal stressor; physical and economic stressor; interpersonal stressor; physical stressor; and low stressor. The factor analysis revealed four factors of coping: cognitive coping, support‐seeking, positive problem solving and escape–avoidance. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis showed that both physical, economic and interpersonal stressor, and physical and economic stressor had negative associations with depressive tendencies. With respect to stress coping, positive problem solving had a positive association with depressive tendencies, whereas escape–avoidance had a negative association with depressive tendencies. Conclusions For older individuals, the more complex the overlapping chronic stressors that are experienced, the higher the depressive tendencies. Furthermore, although older individuals selectively use various coping strategies, they do not alleviate the stress responses induced by chronic stressors. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 297–303.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults

Murayama

Yamazaki

Yamaguchi

et al. 2020

Geriatrics Gerontology Int

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“…These vulnerabilities often assume particular meanings in psychosocial domains, such as the difficulty to extract joy from life, a sense of helplessness, or intrusive memories and other posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The balance between resilience and vulnerability is often delicate and points to the dialectical nature of survivors' lives (Ayalon, 2005;Kahana et al, 1997;Lomranz, 2005;Shmotkin, Shrira, & Palgi, in press). …”

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confidence: 97%

Functioning and Mortality of Holocaust Survivors: Physical Resilience and Psychosocial Vulnerabilities

Shrira

Palgi

Ben–Ezra

et al. 2011

Journal of Loss and Trauma

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This study aimed to examine Shmotkin's model according to which older people who experienced trauma would commonly demonstrate a general, mainly physical, resilience coupled with specific, mainly psychosocial, vulnerabilities. Examining Holocaust survivors and comparisons drawn from two national samples of older Israelis (N ¼ 477 and N ¼ 210), survivors did not differ in physical health markers but showed lower functioning in psychosocial markers. Concentration camp survivors demonstrated a lower or a similar mortality risk compared to other groups depending on the sample. Our findings support Shmotkin's model and imply that elderly Holocaust survivors represent a select group with a remarkable biopsychosocial constitution.

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“…Kahana, Kahana, Harel, & Rosner, 1988;Shmotkin & Lomranz, 1998); from the point of view of the resilience perspective, coping skills that facilitated earlier adjustment will continue to provide future strengths (B. Kahana et al, 1997).…”

Section: Aging Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…According to the vulnerability perspective, normative losses associated with aging are expected to reactivate prior trauma and exacerbate psychological distress (B. Kahana et al, 1997;E. Kahana, Kahana, Harel, & Rosner, 1988;Shmotkin & Lomranz, 1998); from the point of view of the resilience perspective, coping skills that facilitated earlier adjustment will continue to provide future strengths (B.…”

Section: Aging Survivorsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Holocaust Survivor Typology and Forgiveness

Hantman

2010

Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment

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This article examines the long-term coping patterns of aging Holocaust survivors and their relationship to attitudes toward forgiving in later stages of life. Survivors who reported increased ability to cope positively with past events in their lives were predicted to be more likely to be forgiving than those who reported difficulty in long-term coping. Three research instruments were used to examine this: the typology of survivors; the Life History Questionnaire, based on Erikson's eight stages of development; and the Enright Forgiveness Inventory. No significant differences were found between the three groups (clusters) of survivors and their attitudes towards forgiveness. It is suggested that by the time these survivors reached old age, issues relating to prior traumatic experiences had possibly been worked out.

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A Framework for Understanding the Chronic Stress of Holocaust Survivors

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults

Chronic stressors, stress coping and depressive tendencies among older adults

Functioning and Mortality of Holocaust Survivors: Physical Resilience and Psychosocial Vulnerabilities

Holocaust Survivor Typology and Forgiveness

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