A Freeman Scholar Lecture: The Effect of Additives on Fluid Friction

Hoyt, J. W.

doi:10.1115/1.3425401

Cited by 283 publications

(139 citation statements)

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“…This is analogous to the case when the thermal boundary layer thickness is much less than the viscous boundary layer thickness, i.e., the viscous boundary-layer flow is insensitive to the wall temperature. 2 When the wall shear stress exceeds the critical shear stress (pc* ), the hydro-polymeric boundary layer thickness becomes principally a function of fluid properties, i.e., independent of body size.…”

Section: Dependence Of the Drag Coefficient Upon Polymer Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Reynolds number at which the drag force jumps back and forth from a high to a low value; (2) For a small increase in velocity the drag force becomes steady at the low value.…”

Section: Drag Force Acting On Cylinders In Tap Water and The Criticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polymer molecules cause the solution to have a finite critical shear wave speed (c*); (2) As a result of this finite shear wave speed, a hydro-polymeric boundary layer results;…”

Section: Dependence Of the Drag Coefficient Upon Polymer Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Each cylinder was tested in water; (2) Each cylinder was tested in separate 100 wppm solutions; (3) The one-inch diameter cylinder was tested in a 25 wppm solution; (4) Each cylinder was tested in separate 5 wppm solutions; (5) The one-inch cylinder was tested in a 5 wppm solution prepared with distilled water; (6) The one-inch cylinder was tested in a 2.5 wppm solution; and finally, (7) The one-inch cylinder was tested in a 1 wppm solution.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PDR Versus TRT, 25 WPPM Polyox WSR-301 10. PDR Versus TRT, 5 Hoyt and Fabula (1964) [Ref. 2], Deavors (1966) [Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow of dilute polymer solutions about circular cylinders

1973

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Drag force, pressure distribution, and separation angle were measured on cylinders with diameters from 1/4 to 1-1/2 inch.Lift and drag forces acting on a NACA-0024 hydrofoil -model were also measured.The polymer additive was found to alter only those force coefficients which have a Reynolds-number transition region. Two distinct types of cylinder drag transition were observed:(1) At high concentrations, transition from sub-critical to a transcritical flow occurred at the same free-stream velocity independent of body diameter; and (2) at low concentrations and/or molecular weights, tripping from a sub-critical to a super-critical flow occurred at a well defined flow condition which was a function of the free-stream velocity body diameter, and turbulent pipe-flow friction reduction.In all cases, transition occurred earlier than that in the pure solvent. The polymer had a de-stabilizing effect on the boundary-layer flow. Lift and drag forces acting on a NACA-0024 hydrofoil -model were also measured.The polymer additive was found to alter only those force coefficients which have a Reynolds number transition region. Two distinct types of cylinder drag transition were observed:(1) At high concentrations, transition from sub-critical to a transcritical flow occurred at the same free stream velocity independent of body diameter; and (2) at low concentrations and/or molecular weights, tripping from a sub-critical to a super-critical flow occurred at a well defined flow condition which was a function of free stream velocity, body diameter and turbulent pipe-flow friction reduction.In all cases, transition occurred earlier than that in the pure solvent.The polymer had a de-stabilizing effect on the boundary layer flow.

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Section: Dependence Of the Drag Coefficient Upon Polymer Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Reynolds number at which the drag force jumps back and forth from a high to a low value; (2) For a small increase in velocity the drag force becomes steady at the low value.…”

Section: Drag Force Acting On Cylinders In Tap Water and The Criticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polymer molecules cause the solution to have a finite critical shear wave speed (c*); (2) As a result of this finite shear wave speed, a hydro-polymeric boundary layer results;…”

Section: Dependence Of the Drag Coefficient Upon Polymer Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PDR Versus TRT, 25 WPPM Polyox WSR-301 10. PDR Versus TRT, 5 Hoyt and Fabula (1964) [Ref. 2], Deavors (1966) [Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flow of dilute polymer solutions about circular cylinders

1973

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Effect of Drag-Reducing Polymers on the Rate of Liquid-Solid Mass Transfer in Fixed Beds of Spheres under Forced Convection Conditions

Zarraa¹

1998

Chem. Eng. Technol.

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The effect of drag±reducing polymers on the rate of liquid ± solid mass transfer in a packed bed reactor under forced convection conditions was studied by measuring the rate of diffusion±controlled dissolution of copper spheres in acidified chromate solutions. The variables investigated were superficial liquid velocity, sphere diameter, bed height, and polymer concentration. The mass transfer coefficient was found to increase with increasing superficial liquid velocity. Increasing both sphere diameter and bed height were found to decrease the mass transfer coefficient. Polymer addition was found to decrease the rate of mass transfer by an amount ranging from 29.2 to 56.9% depending on superficial liquid velocity and polymer concentration. Mass transfer data were correlated in absence and in the presence of drag±reducing polymer, using the following equations, respectively: J d = 3.71Re ±0.54 and, J d = 2.5 Re ±0.61 where J d is mass transfer J-factor and Re is the Reynolds number.

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References

2017

Heat Transfer to Non‐Newtonian Fluids

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A Freeman Scholar Lecture: The Effect of Additives on Fluid Friction

Cited by 283 publications

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Flow of dilute polymer solutions about circular cylinders

Flow of dilute polymer solutions about circular cylinders

Effect of Drag-Reducing Polymers on the Rate of Liquid-Solid Mass Transfer in Fixed Beds of Spheres under Forced Convection Conditions

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