A full thermodynamic optimization of the Zn–Fe–Al system within the 420–500 ∘C temperature range

Nakano, Jinichiro; Malakhov, Dmitri V.; Yamaguchi, Shu; Purdy, G.R.

doi:10.1016/j.calphad.2006.09.003

Cited by 56 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Zn atoms may occupy vacancies [18] or substitute for Al or Fe atoms in the η-Fe 2 Al 5 lattice [1]. Moreover the presence of Zn atoms in the structure influences the stability of the Fe 2 Al 5 (Zn) structure, inside which zinc atoms diffuse with a coefficient of 5.10 11 cm 2 /s at 450 • C [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature of solid–liquid metals reaction revealed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry

et al. 2009

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Selective electrolytic dissolution of the η-zinc layer of continuous galvanized steel sheet has been utilized to uncover the Fe-Al intermetallic layer which inhibits the formation of other binary Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds. The characterization of the Fe-Al-Zn compounds by scanning electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectrometry and semi-grazing X-ray diffraction brings new enlightment about the conditions which control nucleation and growth as well as collapse of the inhibition layer and the resulting morphology of the coating.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feature of solid–liquid metals reaction revealed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry

et al. 2009

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“…For shorter reaction times (i.e., 2.186 seconds at 460°C; Figure 7(a)), the majority of the phases detected were FeAl 3 , indicating that this intermetallic was the initial phase present in the interfacial layer. However, according to the recent Zn-Fe-Al ternary diagram of Nakano et al, [31] FeAl 3 is not in equilibrium with Fe(bcc), whereas thermodynamic equilibrium exists between Fe(bcc) and Zn-bearing Fe 2 Al 5 . Thus, FeAl 3 was likely a metastable or transient phase in the interfacial layer.…”

Section: A Interfacial Layer Structure and Formation-020 Wt Pct Dismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Thus, lacking values for the D B =D L parameter, we will choose it to be 100 in order to best fit the experimental data. Although this value is somewhat below the values normally encountered for this ratio, it is felt that this value has a physical basis in the present case due to the significant population of vacancies in the Fe 2 Al 5 Zn X structure, [31] which tends to lower the value of the D B =D L ratio due to increased lattice diffusion. Values for all of the terms used in Eq.…”

Section: Kinetic Model-020 Wt Pct Dissolved Al Bathmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphology and Kinetics of Interfacial Layer Formation during Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing and Galvannealing

Chen

Fourmentin

Dermid

2008

Metall Mater Trans A

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A galvanizing simulator with rapid spot cooling was used to obtain a well-characterized reaction times as short as 2 seconds in order to study the short-time microstructural development and kinetics of the galvanizing and galvannealing interfacial reaction layer. It was determined that the incubation and nucleation events of the interfacial layer formation were completed by the 2-second reaction time in all cases. For a 0.20 wt pct dissolved Al bath, FeAl 3 nucleates and grows during the initial stages of interfacial layer formation followed by Fe 2 Al 5 Zn X formation by diffusion-controlled transformation and growth. The final microstructure of the interfacial layer consisted of Fe 2 Al 5 Zn X in a two-layer arrangement comprising a fine-grained, compact lower layer with a coarser, noncompact upper layer. The Al content of the interfacial layer increased with reaction time and reaction temperature. Both of the Fe-Al phases formed exhibited a strong preferential crystallographic orientation with respect to the substrate surface. The evolution of the interfacial layer formed in a 0.13 wt pct dissolved Al bath was the result of competing processes. Fe-Al phases formed and grew during the reaction times explored, per the preceding mechanism. However, Fe-Zn phases also nucleated and grew during the reaction times explored via the process of inhibition breakdown, with these phases dominating the interfacial layer microstructures at longer reaction times. In this case, the Al content of the interfacial layer increased for all reaction times explored, but decreased with increasing reaction temperature, due to the more rapid initiation of inhibition breakdown. A model to describe the interfacial layer growth kinetics as a function of reaction time, bath temperature, and inhibition layer microstructure for the case of the 0.20 wt pct dissolved Al bath was proposed. It indicated that the development of microstructure of the interfacial layer had significant influence on the effective diffusion coefficient and growth rate of this layer.

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“…[1][2][3] Because alloying elements have important influence in galvanizing, there is a considerable discussion in previous literature. The phase diagrams associated with these alloy elements were reported, such as, the Zn-Fe-Al ternary phase diagram [4][5][6] and the phase diagrams including Pb and Ni. [7,8] The addition of Cu to a galvanizing bath has great effect on the microstructure of the coatings and their properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

450 °C Isothermal Section of the Zn-Fe-Cu Ternary System

Peng

Wang

et al. 2011

J. Phase Equilib. Diffus.

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The 450°C isothermal section of the Zn-Fe-Cu ternary system was experimentally determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS)/ Wave Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (WDS), and X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). Eight three-phase regions exist in the 450°C isothermal section of the Zn-Fe-Cu ternary system. No new ternary compound was found in the system. The d Fe phase (FeZn 10 ) can be in equilibrium with all phases except the a-Fe, (Cu) and b¢ (CuZn) phase. Experimental results indicated that the solubility of Cu in the C (Fe 3 Zn 10 ) and the d Fe phase reaches as high as 17.9 and 15.2 at.%, respectively.

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A full thermodynamic optimization of the Zn–Fe–Al system within the 420–500 ∘C temperature range

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

Feature of solid–liquid metals reaction revealed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry

Feature of solid–liquid metals reaction revealed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry

Morphology and Kinetics of Interfacial Layer Formation during Continuous Hot-Dip Galvanizing and Galvannealing

450 °C Isothermal Section of the Zn-Fe-Cu Ternary System

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