A fully coupled porous media and channels flow approach for simulation of blood and bile flow through the liver lobules

Mosharaf-Dehkordi, Mehdi

doi:10.1080/10255842.2019.1601180

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The mass flow rate is related to the average velocity through ṁ h = 6ρUL h t , with t the lobule thickness. Finally, the permeability of a lobule of volume V is which, in view of the asymptotic value of f n , gives www.nature.com/scientificreports/ According to the literature 15,44,45 , the average human liver has a volume of 1500 cm 3 , and contains 10-20% of blood, while it possesses about 10 6 lobules. This would give a lobule volume of 1.5 mm 3 .…”

Section: Microcirculation the Lobulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Virtual liver networks combine biology to fluid mechanics and mass transfer as novel approaches to physiology models [9][10][11][12][13] . However these models, regardless their sophistication level 14,15 , are descriptive. Missing is a theoretical approach, based on first principles, that would allow to predict the flow architecture of the hepatic circulation: liver transplant, or liver resection as a treatment for liver tumors, may end up to liver failure with disastrous consequences when the change in blood pressure is not controlled [14][15][16] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However these models, regardless their sophistication level 14,15 , are descriptive. Missing is a theoretical approach, based on first principles, that would allow to predict the flow architecture of the hepatic circulation: liver transplant, or liver resection as a treatment for liver tumors, may end up to liver failure with disastrous consequences when the change in blood pressure is not controlled [14][15][16] . Indeed, Fisher 17 in 1954 showed experimentally that the volume of blood reaching the liver and somehow the "delivered pressure", have an evident impact on the regenerative stimulus of liver regeneration with 3 surgical variants of restitution of portal flow plus hepatectomy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The liver, a functionalized vascular structure

Lorente

Hautefeuille

Sánchez-Cedillo

2020

Sci Rep

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The liver is not only the largest organ in the body but also the one playing one of the most important role in the human metabolism as it is in charge of transforming toxic substances in the body. Understanding the way its blood vasculature works is key. In this work we show that the challenge of predicting the hepatic multi-scale vascular network can be met thanks to the constructal law of design evolution. The work unveils the structure of the liver blood flow architecture as a combination of superimposed tree-shaped networks and porous system. We demonstrate that the dendritic nature of the hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic vein can be predicted, together with their geometrical features (diameter ratio, duct length ratio) as the entire blood flow architectures follow the principle of equipartition of imperfections. At the smallest scale, the shape of the liver elemental systems—the lobules—is discovered, while their permeability is also predicted. The theory is compared with good agreement to anatomical data from the literature.

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Section: Microcirculation the Lobulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The liver, a functionalized vascular structure

Lorente

Hautefeuille

Sánchez-Cedillo

2020

Sci Rep

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“…We empirically find a linear relationship between the anisotropic permeability of simulated networks and a nematic order parameter of the networks that quantifies their anisotropic geometry. Permeabilities allow to efficiently compute macroscopic, tissue-level flows using a continuum model [15,22,23,27], thus providing an effective medium theory of fluid transport.…”

Section: Plos Computational Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous simulation studies of blood flow in liver microvasculature were either limited to large veins [17], or considered only small spatial regions [15,20]. For the entire lobule, spanning from PV to CV, only continuum models had been used to simulate flow [15,22,23]. The liver is organized into millimeter-sized lobules, each containing a central vein (CV, cyan) and several portal veins (PV, orange).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilience of three-dimensional sinusoidal networks in liver tissue

et al. 2020

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Can three-dimensional, microvasculature networks still ensure blood supply if individual links fail? We address this question in the sinusoidal network, a plexus-like microvasculature network, which transports nutrient-rich blood to every hepatocyte in liver tissue, by building on recent advances in high-resolution imaging and digital reconstruction of adult mice liver tissue. We find that the topology of the three-dimensional sinusoidal network reflects its two design requirements of a space-filling network that connects all hepatocytes, while using shortest transport routes: sinusoidal networks are sub-graphs of the Delaunay graph of their set of branching points, and also contain the corresponding minimum spanning tree, both to good approximation. To overcome the spatial limitations of experimental samples and generate arbitrarily-sized networks, we developed a network generation algorithm that reproduces the statistical features of 0.3-mm-sized samples of sinusoidal networks, using multiobjective optimization for node degree and edge length distribution. Nematic order in these simulated networks implies anisotropic transport properties, characterized by an empirical linear relation between a nematic order parameter and the anisotropy of the permeability tensor. Under the assumption that all sinusoid tubes have a constant and equal flow resistance, we predict that the distribution of currents in the network is very inhomogeneous, with a small number of edges carrying a substantial part of the flow-a feature known for hierarchical networks, but unexpected for plexus-like networks. We quantify network resilience in terms of a permeability-at-risk, i.e., permeability as function of the fraction of removed edges. We find that sinusoidal networks are resilient to random removal of edges, but vulnerable to the removal of high-current edges. Our findings suggest the existence of a mechanism counteracting flow inhomogeneity to balance metabolic load on the liver.

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Analysis and numerical investigation of bile flow dynamics within the strictured biliary duct

Peng,

Zhong,

Lin

et al. 2023

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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The mechanics of bile flow in the biliary system plays an important role in studying bile stasis and gallstone formation. Bile duct stricture is an abnormal phenomenon that refers to the bile duct getting smaller or narrower. The main objective of this study is to study the influence of stricture on bile flow dynamics using numerical methods. We employed a numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics model of the bile flow within a strictured hepatic duct. We studied and compared the influence of stricture severity, stricture length, eccentricity, and bile flow property on the bile flow dynamics. The bile flow velocity, pressure distribution, pressure drop, and wall shear stress are provided in detail. The stricture alters the normal bile flow pattern and increases flow resistance. At the location upstream and downstream of the stricture, bile flow slows down. In the area of the stricture throat, bile flow is accelerated, and recirculation forms behind the stricture. The maximum pressure drop of the biliary system increases with the stricture length. The eccentricity makes the flow deflect away from the duct's centerline. The behavior of the deflected flow is significantly altered downstream of the stricture. Such bile flow behavior as deceleration and recirculation may lead to cholestasis. Stricture alters bile flow in the biliary tract, causing changes in biliary hydrodynamic indexes, which could potentially serve as an omen for gallstone formation and other related diseases. The consideration of the bile duct stricture could lead to better patient stratification.

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A fully coupled porous media and channels flow approach for simulation of blood and bile flow through the liver lobules

Cited by 27 publications

References 26 publications

The liver, a functionalized vascular structure

The liver, a functionalized vascular structure

Resilience of three-dimensional sinusoidal networks in liver tissue

Analysis and numerical investigation of bile flow dynamics within the strictured biliary duct

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