A Fully Transparent Wideband Water Patch Antenna With L-Shaped Feed

Sun, Jiawen; Luk, Kwai‐Man

doi:10.1109/ojap.2021.3111700

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A wideband water patch antenna having high optical transparency was developed in [73]. The novel L-shaped water probe apparently enhanced the transparency of the antenna and improved the impedance bandwidth.…”

Section: Development Of Transparent Antennas From Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It can be seen that most of the water-filled antennas used transparent plexiglass, resin and acrylic in the water holders, which make the radiators or the resonators transparent. Besides, the demonstrated works in [35], [46], [71], and [73] used water in realizing both the patch and ground VOLUME 11, 2023 plane and used transparent materials in the holders, the entire topologies of these antennas are transparent. In addition, the demonstrated works in [31] and [32] used PDMS polymer in fabricating the water holders, these antennas are apparently transparent and flexible.…”

Section: Prospects Of Water Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

et al. 2023

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In the group of liquid antennas, water antennas have attracted tremendous popularity due to the excellent electrical and mechanical properties of water. Pure water is a high permittivity dielectric liquid which comprises high dielectric constant and very low electrical conductivity. While the electrical conductivity of pure water is very low, salt-water has good electrical conductivity. The electrical conductivity of salt-water can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of salt content (salinity) in the water solution. Both pure water and salt water has excellent optical transparency, liquidity, flexibility and easy availability, thus, become excellent candidates in antenna manufacturing. Pure water is utilized as the dielectric component of the antenna and generally used in the development of dielectric resonator antennas, whereas salt-water is used as the conductive part of the antenna replacing metallic conductors. Some antennas have also utilized both the pure water and salt water for improved performance. In the literature, different classes of antennas can be found that have been developed by utilizing water. In this review paper, we have highlighted the state-of-the-art designs of water-filled antennas, highlighted the major challenges towards the development of water-filled antennas and presented the novel applications and prospects of water-filled antennas.

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Section: Development Of Transparent Antennas From Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prospects Of Water Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

et al. 2023

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“…Benefiting from the easy access and fluidity of water, an exception is the pure-water antenna. By virtue of transparent container, some all-dielectric water antennas with full transparency have been proposed [22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All‐dielectric circularly polarised loop antenna made of high‐permittivity ceramic/water

Fan,

Zheng,

Zhang

et al. 2023

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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A kind of all‐dielectric circularly polarised (CP) loop antenna made of high‐permittivity material is proposed. The leaky‐wave radiation from a high‐permittivity dielectric waveguide is utilised here to support the operation of the proposed antenna. A non‐closed dielectric loop covering a three‐quarter circle is adopted to generate CP radiation and it is connected with the dielectric ground via one of bending ends to form an all‐in‐one structure of the antenna. The other end is also bent and vertical to the ground, but hanging in the air for probe feed. As two kinds of typical high‐permittivity dielectric materials, zirconia ceramic and pure water are used to implement the proposed design respectively. On one hand, an all‐ceramic CP loop antenna made of zirconia is proposed. And benefiting from the low loss and high melting point of zirconia, the proposed ceramic antenna has superiority in radiation efficiency and could adapt to a harsh environment. On the other hand, by using pure water and transparent container, a fully‐transparent CP water loop antenna can be obtained. Finally, a 3‐D printing technology is adopted in the manufacturing of ceramic structure and resin container. Measured results of both antennas demonstrate the validity of the proposed design.

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“…A circularly polarized water patch antenna with a distilled water patch and a ground was proposed in [8]. Two transparent water patch antennas with L-shaped water [9] and metallic feedings were also designed [10]. Both antennas worked as conventional metallic patch antennas, which constitutes an excellent feature of these antennas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost Microfluidic and Optically Transparent Water Antenna with Frequency-Tuning Characteristics

Abdullah,

Shah,

Kiv

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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In this study, a novel microfluidic frequency reconfigurable and optically transparent water antenna is designed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The proposed antenna consists of three distinct parts, including a circularly shaped distilled water ground, a sea water-based circular segmented radiator, and a circularly shaped distilled water-based load, all ingeniously constructed from transparent resin material. The presented antenna is excited by a disk-loaded probe. The frequency of the antenna can be easily tuned by filling and emptying/evacuating sea water from the multisegmented radiator. The radiator consists of three segments with different radii, and each segment has a different resonant frequency. When the radiator is filled, the antenna resonates at the frequency of the segment that is filled. When all the radiator segments are filled, the antenna operates at the resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz and possesses an impedance bandwidth of 1.05 GHz (40%) in the range of 2.10–3.15 GHz. By filling different radiator segments, the frequency could be tuned from 2.4 to 2.6 GHz. In addition to the frequency-switching characteristics, the proposed antenna exhibits high simulated radiation efficiency (with a peak performance reaching 95%) and attains a maximum realized gain of 3.8 dBi at 2.9 GHz. The proposed antenna integrates water as its predominant constituent, which is easily available, thereby achieving cost-effectiveness, compactness, and transparency characteristics; it also has the potential to be utilized in future applications, involving transparent and flexible electronics.

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A Fully Transparent Wideband Water Patch Antenna With L-Shaped Feed

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

Advancements, Challenges, and Prospects of Water-Filled Antennas

All‐dielectric circularly polarised loop antenna made of high‐permittivity ceramic/water

A Low-Cost Microfluidic and Optically Transparent Water Antenna with Frequency-Tuning Characteristics

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