“…In this paper, we used a global dataset for the period from 1995 to 2019 and constructed the energy security evaluation index system from four dimensions, namely energy supply [ 34 , 36 ], energy use [ 34 ], energy economic development [ 32 , 34 ] and energy environment [ 34 , 36 ] ( Table 1 ). The energy supply dimension describes and evaluates the capacity of the regional energy system to cope with the imbalance of the energy supply–demand relationship, which contains six indicators: energy self-sufficiency rate [ 34 , 36 , 58 ], power generation to energy consumption ratio [ 21 ], renewable power generation to total power generation ratio [ 3 , 21 ], non-fossil fuel consumption ratio [ 21 , 58 , 59 ], fuel imports to energy consumption ratio [ 3 ] and energy production per capita [ 34 , 58 ]. The energy use dimension measures regional energy consumption and efficiency.…”