A functionalization study of aerosol jet printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) for glucose detection

Abstract

In this work, we have conducted a functionalization study on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) for glucose detection. Functionalization method of a device for biosensing strongly affects its sensitivity and range...

Aerosol‐Jet Printed Sensors for Environmental, Safety, and Health Monitoring: A Review

“…The diversity of materials required to fabricate a biosensor reflects the diversity of the human body. Some of the most commonly encountered materials used in the fabrication of active components under AJP processes include metallic nanoparticles such as silver, [ 104 ] gold, [ 88 ] or metal oxides, [ 193 ] carbon nanomaterials such as SWCNTs, [ 56 ] MWCNTs, [ 194 ] and graphene, [ 195 ] as well as conducting polymers. [ 196 ] Aside from rapid diagnostic tools such as the COVID‐19 antibody detector, [ 88 ] AJP‐based biosensors are used for the fabrication of in vitro assays, [ 27 ] mimicking cell environments for high‐throughput pharmaceutical drug screenings, [ 197 ] as well as the printing of biological inks for precise tissue engineering.…”

“…[ 193 ] Organic electrochemical transistors (OCETs) have also been employed for glucose detection. [ 104 ] AJP is utilized to simplify manufacturing processes by printing OECTs via four varying functionalizations: unfunctionalized device/GOx; PEDOT:PSS/GOx; printed Pt gate/GOx; and sputtered Pt gate/GOx. Printed Pt gate functionalized with GOx exhibited an extensive glucose detection range in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (i.e., 100 n m –50 m m ) and sensitivity to artificial sweat buffer (0.1–10 n m ).…”

“…Aside from the capability to rapidly turnaround detector designs for emerging medical situations (e.g., antibody detection for COVID‐19), [ 88,225 ] biomedical devices developed by AJP technology can provide an array of advantages. For instance, AJP has recently been employed for the creation of complex multicellular environments analogous to extracellular matrices for tissue engineering and drug screening; [ 197 ] the printing of biological inks toward creating cost‐effective in vitro diagnostic assays; [ 27 ] the fabrication of handmade medical devices, such as cost‐effective cochlear implants, for improved quality of life; the early diagnosis and management of medical conditions including diabetes, [ 104 ] cancers, [ 222 ] and hematological disorders [ 56 ] through low‐cost, disposable point‐of‐care devices; the construction of creative interventions such as cardiac repair patches following myocardial injuries [ 71 ] and the replication of corneal tissue for implants following injuries, disease, and congenital disabilities; [ 198 ] as well as for the development of high sensitivity perovskite photodetectors to reduce the health hazards related to strongly ionizing X‐ray photons in medical imaging. [ 74 ] In addition, progress in biocompatible materials paves the way for the development of unique wearable AJP‐based devices, including artificial muscles toward dynamic iris implants [ 207 ] and on‐body sensors that regulate body temperature and monitor health and motion, [ 208,209 ] which could ultimately benefit applications related to prosthetics and healthcare.…”

Naphthalene diimide-based n-type small molecule organic mixed conductors for accumulation mode organic electrochemical transistors

“…10 PEDOT:PSS based OECT are being used for diverse biosensing applications, including ion, enzyme, and immunosensors. [11][12][13] PEDOT:PSS is a twocomponent system that blends polyelectrolyte and conjugated polymer based on the OMIECs classication. 1,14 Another type of OMIECs material is the block system which is a single molecule conglomerated with ionic and electronic conductors.…”

Point-of-care (POC) SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection using functionalized aerosol jet-printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs)

“…In addition, OECTs can be manufactured by conventional microfabrication and low-temperature processing techniques, such as inkjet printing, 34,38,39 screen printing, 40,41 3D printing, 21,42,43 and aerosol jet printing. 25,44,45 Printing techniques offer the benefits of easy design iterations, reduced manufacturing costs, and mass production using continuous large-scale roll-to-roll processing. Therefore, the OECT is an excellent candidate for low-cost disposable biosensors and POC diagnostic tools.…”