A functionally graded material design from stainless steel to Ni-based superalloy by laser metal deposition coupled with thermodynamic prediction

Li, Kun; Zhan, Jianbin; Zhang, Ming; Ma, Ruijin; Tang, Qian; Zhang, Zhengwen; Murr, Lawrence E.; Cao, Huajun

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2022.110612

Cited by 40 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This technique allows for the creation of materials with microscopically repeating structures, including functional materials, periodic materials, textured materials, micro-and mesostructured materials, hierarchical materials, and even auxetic materials. [7][8][9][10][11] Furthermore, this technique can be applied to components already in operation, enabling the alteration of their Embroidered property materials (EPMs) represent a paradigm shift in materials engineering, offering a novel approach to conventional material modifications. Through a precise "embroidering" of properties in precise locations, EPMs optimize existing substrates without the need for additional or removal layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embroidered Property Materials: A Novel Strategy for Developing Patterned Materials

Gruttadauria,

Borzoni,

Barella

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Embroidered Property Materials (EPMs) represent a paradigm shift in materials engineering, offering a novel approach to conventional material modifications. Through a precise “embroidering” of properties in precise locations, EPMs optimize existing substrates without the need for additional or removal layers. This technique, realized through the activation of targeted chemical and physical phenomena, enables the local alteration of the microstructure in response to controlled external stimuli, exemplifying the deliberate design of material zones with predefined properties. Demonstrating this concept, bulk and confined laser treatment was precisely applied to standard carbon steel (C45), resulting in localized martensitic transformation. This localized microstructural change manifests in a significantly altered deformation behaviour when contrasted with untreated areas, emphasizing the potent capabilities of EPMs. The potential unleashed by EPMs extends to the creation of innovative functional materials, enabling the bespoke manipulation of material properties with precision reminiscent of the art of embroidery. This approach not only expands the horizons of component design but also introduces a sustainable methodology for achieving novel material performance, thereby serving as a cornerstone for future advancements in the field. EPMs provides a versatile and powerful tool for the engineering of high‐performance materials that meet specific design and functional criteria.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embroidered Property Materials: A Novel Strategy for Developing Patterned Materials

Gruttadauria,

Borzoni,

Barella

et al. 2024

Adv Eng Mater

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“…5 LDED permits the manufacturing of large-size FGM, as it permits the composition to be judiciously adjusted before deposition. [6][7][8][9] Many works have been reported in deposition of FGM using LDED technique, such as fabrication of functionally graded Cu/Ni 10 , SS316L/Ni-Cr-B-Si 11 , SS316L/IN718, 12,13 HSLA (high strength low alloy)/ IN625, 14 SS321/IN625, 15 SS308L/IN625, 16 SS316L/ IN625, 17,18 Ti-6Al-4V/SS304L, 19 etc. Among the different FGM combinations, austenitic steel grades (such as SS304L) and Nickel-based superalloys (such as IN625) find application in several sectors such as nuclear, aerospace, automotive, petrochemical, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…because of their excellent mechanical strength, oxidation and corrosion resistance. [10][11][12] The combination of SS304L and IN625 will be ideal for several applications where increased strength at elevated temperature and corrosion resistance is achievable at different locations as per the requirement. 20 One such application of SS304L/IN625 FGM is automotive valve stem of high performance automobiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of parametric effect on laser directed energy deposited Austenitic steel and Inconel functionally graded material

Tudu

Baruah

Jinoop

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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In this paper, the effect of process parameter on functionally graded materials (FGMs) of Inconel 625 (IN625) and Austenitic steel (SS304L) deposited by laser directed energy deposition (LDED) are investigated. For this purpose, FGM walls of different gradient of mix of IN625 and SS304L at different layers are deposited on Austenitic steel (SS316L) substrate at different sets of process parameters. For this study, the process parameters considered are laser power ( PL): 1000, 1300 and 1600 W, and scanning speed ( v): 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 m/min. Deposited samples are then subjected to different tests such as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), and nanoindentation. Tests performed on the samples revealed different effects of parameters on the deposition of the FGM wall. Based on the comparison of results of mechanical and metallurgical tests, it is observed that either at PL = 1300 W and/or v = 0.5 m/min, among the considered process parameters, show comparatively better results than the others.

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“…Recent additive FGM development for metals has been mainly focused on compositionally graded dissimilar alloys, including but not limited to stainless steel 316 to Ni alloy IN718 (Li et al, 2022), stainless steel 316L to Ni alloy IN625 (Sasikumar et al, 2022), 316L to Ni alloy Rene88DT (Lin et al, 2005), copper alloy to stainless steel 304L (Li et al, 2018), ferritic/ martensitic G91 steel to austenitic 347H steel (Wang et al, 2022), IN718 to copper alloy GRCop-42 (Walker, et al, 2022), and Cobased CoMoCr alloy to IN718 (Wen et al, 2021). Microstructurally graded alloy has also been investigated, such as IN718 with microstructure transition in the grain morphology, size, and texture that tailor anisotropy of mechanical properties (Popovich et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual stress and microstructure in IN718-René41 graded superalloy fabricated by laser blown directed energy deposition

Huang

Shen

et al. 2022

Front. Met. Alloy

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Additively printed Ni-based superalloy with a compositionally graded transition from IN718 to René41 was fabricated by laser blown-powder directed energy deposition (DED/LB-M), with the goals of meeting location-specific temperature capability and reducing component cost for hot gas path turbine components. Residual stress distribution in thin wall specimens with three sets of DED build parameters in the as-built and stress-relieved states was measured by neutron diffraction. For calculating residual stress, the calculated d0 method was found to be more appropriate as stress-free reference than using the lattice spacing measured from the stress-relief heat treated specimens. Longer dwell time (lower interpass temperature), higher energy input, smaller layer thickness resulted in a higher magnitude of tensile residual stresses at edges and compressive residual stresses at center of the specimens. The residual stress results did not show a strong dependence on graded compositions, indicating that the residual stress build-up was more geometry and process dependent. Non-destructive neutron imaging based on the attenuation coefficient qualitatively visualized the compositional variation in the bulk and showed good agreement with quantitative Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA) measurement. Grain structure, texture, and residual plastic strain along the build direction were characterized by Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Long columnar grains with (001) preferred grain orientation were dominant along the build direction. Compositional change did not show an obvious effect on the epitaxial growth of dendrites and the continuation of the columnar grains. Residual plastic strain was relatively low in the as-built specimens.

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A functionally graded material design from stainless steel to Ni-based superalloy by laser metal deposition coupled with thermodynamic prediction

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Embroidered Property Materials: A Novel Strategy for Developing Patterned Materials

Embroidered Property Materials: A Novel Strategy for Developing Patterned Materials

Study of parametric effect on laser directed energy deposited Austenitic steel and Inconel functionally graded material

Residual stress and microstructure in IN718-René41 graded superalloy fabricated by laser blown directed energy deposition

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