A further investigation of the developmental emergence of fear-potentiated startle in rats

Hunt, Pamela S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199905)34:2<281::aid-dev4>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, animals of this age are able to express fear in a manner similar to that of adults, being evident in terms of immobility/freezing, changes in heart rate, and fear-potentiation of the startle reflex (Barnet & Hunt, 2006; Hunt, 1999; Richardson & Hunt, 2010). There is some evidence that, in certain circumstances, adolescent rodents show either exaggerated or diminished fear responding, relative to both younger and older subjects.…”

Section: Adolescent Fear Conditioning and Expression In Rodent Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent transitions in reflexive and non-reflexive behavior: Review of fear conditioning and impulse control in rodent models

Hunt

Burk

Barnet

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Adolescence is a time of critical brain changes that pave the way for adult learning processes. However, the extent to which learning in adolescence is best characterized as a transitional linear progression from childhood to adulthood, or represents a period that differs from earlier and later developmental stages, remains unclear. Here we examine behavioral literature on associative fear conditioning and complex choice behavior with rodent models. Many aspects of fear conditioning are intact by adolescence and do not differ from adult patterns. Sufficient evidence, however, suggests that adolescent learning cannot be characterized simply as an immature precursor to adulthood. Across different paradigms assessing choice behavior, literature suggests that adolescent animals typically display more impulsive patterns of responding compared to adults. The extent to which the development of basic conditioning processes serves as a scaffold for later adult decision making is an additional research area that is important for theory, but also has widespread applications for numerous psychological conditions.

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Section: Adolescent Fear Conditioning and Expression In Rodent Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent transitions in reflexive and non-reflexive behavior: Review of fear conditioning and impulse control in rodent models

Hunt

Burk

Barnet

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…Although the ability of the amygdala to generate conditioned fear responses likely emerges early [102, 103], cortical regions reach maturity later in development [104]. Moreover, the neural circuitry underlying fear conditioning and extinction may change with age as the vmPFC and the connectivity among the amygdala, hippocampus, and vmPFC matures [98, 105, 106].…”

Section: Threat Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of anxiety: the role of threat appraisal and fear learning

Britton¹,

Lissek²,

Grillon³

et al. 2010

Depress. Anxiety

234

161

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Anxious individuals exhibit threat biases at multiple levels of information processing. From a developmental perspective, abnormal safety learning in childhood may establish threat-related appraisal biases early, which may contribute to chronic disorders in adulthood. The current review illustrates how the interface among attention, threat appraisal, and fear learning can generate novel insights for outcome prediction. This review summarizes data on amygdala function, as it relates to learning and attention, highlights the importance of examining threat appraisal, and introduces a novel imaging paradigm to investigate the neural correlates of threat appraisal and threatsensitivity during extinction recall. This novel paradigm can be used to investigate key questions relevant to prognosis and treatment.

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“…For each trial change scores were computed for each 5-s bin after CS onset by subtracting the average HR in the baseline period prior to CS onset from the HR in each bin after CS-onset. A learned fear response was indicated by a large bradyacardiac decrease in HR on the CS-alone trials, which suggested that the rat associated the CS and US (Fitzgerald and Teyler 1970, Hunt 1999, Marchand and Kamper 2000, McEchron et al 2004). These learned fear responses typically occurred on the first two CS-alone retention trials.…”

Section: Trace Fear Conditioning Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal nutritional iron deficiency permanently impairs hippocampus-dependent trace fear conditioning in rats

McEchron

Cheng

Liu

et al. 2005

Nutritional Neuroscience

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Many studies show that iron deficient (ID) children are at risk for poor cognitive development. This suggests that learning and cognitive centers in the brain, such as the hippocampus, may be compromised by developmental ID. The present study used a heart rate trace fear conditioning procedure in rats to show that perinatal nutritional ID impairs hippocampus-dependent learning. This procedure requires rats to associate a conditioned stimulus and a fearful unconditioned stimulus, which are separated by a trace interval. Rats were started on ID or control (CN) diets 10 days prior to birth, and learning was assessed on post natal day (PND)-28. The ID pups were impaired in trace fear coniditioning, but an ID control group was not impaired in a non-trace basic fear conditioning procedure that does not depend on the hippocampus. Another group was switched from ID to CN diet on PND-31, and this group also showed impairments in trace fear conditioning when tested during early adulthood (i.e. PND-63). Separate control tests show that ID may produce skeletal motor deficits. The ID-induced learning impairments in this study, however, were not due to altered motor activity because learning was assessed using non-motor heart rate responses.

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A further investigation of the developmental emergence of fear-potentiated startle in rats

Cited by 20 publications

References 35 publications

Adolescent transitions in reflexive and non-reflexive behavior: Review of fear conditioning and impulse control in rodent models

Adolescent transitions in reflexive and non-reflexive behavior: Review of fear conditioning and impulse control in rodent models

Development of anxiety: the role of threat appraisal and fear learning

Perinatal nutritional iron deficiency permanently impairs hippocampus-dependent trace fear conditioning in rats

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