A Further Study of Timing with LSO on XP20D0 for TOF PET

Abstract

In our previous work, a very good time resolution recorded with a 4x4x20 mm 3 LSO crystal coupled to a Photonis XP20D0 photomultiplier was shown, which suggests that TOF-PET based on the LSO is the realistic proposition. A further improvement of the time resolution, due to the common light readout by the cluster of PMTs in the block detector, proposed by Kuhn et al, triggered our further study of obtainable time resolution with the LSO crystals. In the present work, the optimization of timing using a leading-edge fast discriminator and a constant fraction discriminator was done and the results of the leading-edge timing were discussed in terms of the Hyman theory.In the second part of the study, the time resolution measurements and an optimization of the system realizing the light readout by two XP20D0 PMTs coupled to a common light diffuser were carried out for various positions of the 4x4x20 mm 3 LSO crystal. The results show that using a sum of signals and, in consequence, a better light collection from several PMTs improves timing and should allow achieving good homogeneity of the time resolution over a whole surface of the detectors.

Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography

“…The cross-over timing method uses zero crossing of signal for time measurements, which compensates for errors arising from amplitude walk but requires bipolar signals [102]. In ToF-PET, however, leading edge triggering at very low photon counts has been reported to provide excellent timing performance in numerous studies [111,112]. A comparator circuit triggered on the rising edge is often used for this purpose.…”

OpenPET: A Flexible Electronics System for Radiotracer Imaging

“…As the highest timing accuracy is obtained with high bandwidth signals, a ~200 MHz bandwidth version of the amplified signal is sent to a timing circuit. We have selected a leading edge discriminator, as several groups have recently reported that a leading edge discriminator has equivalent or better performance than a constant fraction discriminator (although sometimes requiring amplitude correction for time walk) [9][10][11][12][13]. The ADC values and the timing signal are sent to the detector FPGA.…”