A future directions of renal cell carcinoma treatment: combination of immune checkpoint inhibition and carbon ion radiotherapy
Zhouhang Zheng,
Tianci Yang,
Yixuan Li
et al.
Abstract:Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered radio- and chemo-resistant. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in advanced RCC. However, the overall response rate of RCC to monotherapy remains limited. Given its immunomodulatory effects, a combination of radiotherapy (RT) with immunotherapy is increasingly used for cancer treatment. Heavy ion radiotherapy, specifically the carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT), represents an innovative approach to cancer treatment, offering s… Show more
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