A Future With Inverter-Based Resources: Finding Strength From Traditional Weakness

Matevosyan, Julija; MacDowell, Jason; Miller, N.W.; Badrzadeh, Babak; Ramasubramanian, Deepak; Isaacs, Andrew; Quint, Ryan; Quitmann, Eckard; Pfeiffer, R. K.; Urdal, Helge; Prevost, Thibault; Vittal, Vijay; Woodford, Dennis; Huang, Shun Hsien; O’Sullivan, Jonathan

doi:10.1109/mpe.2021.3104075

Cited by 83 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Meshed grids, instead, in presence of a suitable number of control agents (i.e., power electronics converters [10,11]), allow both power steering and autonomous participation of end-users to the electric market [12]. In this context, control agents correspond to energy sources equipped with grid-tied inverters able to control the active and reactive power exchange with the grid.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Control of the Power Flow in Local Area Energy Networks

Tenti

Caldognetto

2022

Energies

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Local area energy networks (E-LANs) are cyber-physical systems whose physical layer is a meshed low-voltage microgrid fed by a multiplicity of sources, i.e., utilities, energy storage systems, and distributed power sources. The cyber layer includes distributed measurement, control, and communication units, located at end-user premises, as well as centralized supervision and dispatchment control. As compared with standard microgrid, the E-LAN encompasses the ability for end-users to actively contribute to the operation of the microgrid while acting as independent energy traders in the electrical market. Operational goals include active contribution of end-users to power sharing, loss reduction, voltage stability, demand response, fault identification and clearing, isolation of sub-grids for maintenance, islanding, and black start. Economic goals include the possibility, for each end-user, to decide in every moment, based on convenience, how his energy and power capacity is shared with other users, e.g., for demand response or to trade energy in the electric market. This paper introduces a comprehensive theoretical approach of E-LAN control to achieve all the above operational goals while providing a high level of dynamic protection against faults or other events affecting the system functionality, e.g., overloads or fast transients. It shows that meshed microgrids are the necessary infrastructure to implement the desired functionalities.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Control of the Power Flow in Local Area Energy Networks

Tenti

Caldognetto

2022

Energies

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“…As the numbers of inverters in power systems have grown concerns have grown over changes to system dynamics and stability [9]. There have been several incidents reported where inverters are implicated in threats to system stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power System Stability With a High Penetration of Inverter-Based Resources

Green

2023

Proc. IEEE

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Inverter-Based Resources (IBR) possess dynamics which are significantly different to those of synchronousgenerator-based sources and as IBR penetrations grow the dynamics of power systems are changing. The paper discusses the characteristics of the new dynamics and examines how they can be accommodated into the long-standing categorisations of power system stability in terms of angle, frequency and voltage stability. It is argued that inverters are causing the frequency range over which angle, frequency and voltage dynamics act to extend such that the previously partitioned categories are now coupled and further coupled to new electromagnetic modes. While grid-forming (GFM) inverters share many characteristics with generators, grid-following (GFL) inverters are different. This is explored in terms of similarities and differences in synchronisation, inertia and voltage control. The concept of duality is used to unify the synchronisation principles of GFM and GFL inverters, and thus is established the generalised angle dynamics. This enables analytical study of GFM-GFL interaction which is particularly important to guide the placement of GFM apparatuses and is even more important if GFM inverters are allowed to fallback to GFL mode during faults to avoid over-sizing to support short-term overload. Both GFL and GFM inverters contribute to voltage strength but with marked differences, which implies new features of voltage stability. Several directions for further research are identified including (i) extensions of nonlinear stability analysis to accommodate new inverter behaviours with cross-coupled time-frames. (ii) establishment of spatialtemporal indices of system strength and stability margin to guide the provision of new stability services and (iii) datadriven approaches to combat increased system complexity and confidentiality of inverter models.

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“…RMS tools are used to study the electromechanical transients and control of large systems with a time step ∼ 1-10 ms [5]. However, it is found that simplified network modeling in RMS tools fails to capture the dynamics in case of inverter-driven power systems characterized by reduced system strength and adverse control interactions [6]. Hence, some utilities are going towards computationally expensive EMT simulations for the analysis of even large systems [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is found that simplified network modeling in RMS tools fails to capture the dynamics in case of inverter-driven power systems characterized by reduced system strength and adverse control interactions [6]. Hence, some utilities are going towards computationally expensive EMT simulations for the analysis of even large systems [6]. This has necessitated the need for simulation tools with accuracy comparable to EMT, but with reduced computational complexity [2], [4]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Simulation of Transients in Low Inertia Power Systems

Pawar¹,

Batzelis²,

Chakrabarti³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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<p>This paper presents a systematic approach for a detailed positive sequence dq domain modeling and simulation of low inertia power systems for system stability and transients analysis. It aims to reduce the computational complexities while maintaining simulation accuracy comparable to electromagnetic transient (EMT) programs. The proposed approach integrates the detailed models of various components of inverter-based power systems. A computationally efficient voltage source model is proposed for the synchronous machine behind the sub-transient reactance considering stator transients, which makes the direct interface of SM model with the network feasible without affecting the accuracy. A method is presented to obtain explicit dynamic voltages of typical nodes that do not have a shunt capacitance. Furthermore, a method is proposed to simulate three-phase symmetrical faults in dq domain followed by the line tripping with and without current zero interruption. Matlab/Simulink numerical simulations with three bus and WSCC 9-bus test systems under various disturbances validate the effectiveness and adequacy of the proposed method as compared to the EMT approach. </p>

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A Future With Inverter-Based Resources: Finding Strength From Traditional Weakness

Cited by 83 publications

References 1 publication

Generalized Control of the Power Flow in Local Area Energy Networks

Generalized Control of the Power Flow in Local Area Energy Networks

Power System Stability With a High Penetration of Inverter-Based Resources

Modeling and Simulation of Transients in Low Inertia Power Systems

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