Investigations of inorganic compounds with mixed anions have drawn much attention. Here, three oxysulfides, Sm 3 NbS 3 O 4 (1), Gd 3 NbS 3 O 4 (2), and Dy 3 NbS 3 O 4 (3), are obtained by solid-state reactions. 1 and 2 crystallize in the polar space group Pna2 1 , while 3 crystallizes in the centric space group Pnma. The anionic frameworks of 1 and 2 are built by isolated distorted [NbS 2 O 4 ] 7− octahedra, while [NbS 3 O 4 ] 9− is used for 3. 1 and 2 exhibit phase-matchable second-harmonic-generation (SHG) effects of about 0.3 and 0.4 × AGS at 2.1 μm. The [NbS 2 O 4 ] 7− octahedron was first used as a SHG-active motif for nonlinear-optical (NLO) materials. A systematic analysis of the transformation between these crystal structures, NLO performances, and magnetic behaviors, as well as first-principles theoretical studies, is presented. This work enriches the study on relatively rarely explored NLOactive metal oxysulfides.