A Galactose Oxidase Biosensor Based on Graphene Composite Film for the Determination of Galactose and Dihydroxyacetone

Xie, Jin; Chen, Chao; Zhou, Yuanqing; Fei, Junjie; Ding, Yonglan; Zhao, Jia

doi:10.1002/elan.201500486

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…When the enzyme was immobilized directly on the ITO surface, the response towards galactose showed a quasi-reversible redox pair formed by a cathodic wave at −125 mV due to the reduction of the Cu present in the coenzyme, from Cu(II) to Cu(I), that accompanied the oxidation of galactose. The anodic wave at 150 mV was also observed due to the oxidation from Cu(I) to Cu(II) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GAO is able to oxidize D-galactose, giving the corresponding aldehyde (D-galactohexodialdose) accompanied by the reduction of O 2 to H 2 O 2 . The activity of GAO can be improved by using an appropriate matrix and a suitable electron mediator [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Phthalocyanines have been demonstrated to be efficient electron mediators, and CHI can be an ideal support for enzyme immobilization through the amino groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination of Milks with a Multisensor System Based on Layer-by-Layer Films

Salvo-Comino

García-Hernández

Garcı́a

et al. 2018

Sensors

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A nanostructured electrochemical bi-sensor system for the analysis of milks has been developed using the layer-by-layer technique. The non-enzymatic sensor [CHI+IL/CuPcS]2, is a layered material containing a negative film of the anionic sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPcS) acting as electrocatalytic material, and a cationic layer containing a mixture of an ionic liquid (IL) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) that enhances the conductivity, and chitosan (CHI), that facilitates the enzyme immobilization. The biosensor ([CHI+IL/CuPcS]2-GAO) results from the immobilization of galactose oxidase on the top of the LbL layers. FTIR, UV–vis, and AFM have confirmed the proposed structure and cyclic voltammetry has demonstrated the amplification caused by the combination of materials in the film. Sensors have been combined to form an electronic tongue for milk analysis. Principal component analysis has revealed the ability of the sensor system to discriminate between milk samples with different lactose content. Using a PLS-1 calibration models, correlations have been found between the voltammetric signals and chemical parameters measured by classical methods. PLS-1 models provide excellent correlations with lactose content. Additional information about other components, such as fats, proteins, and acidity, can also be obtained. The method developed is simple, and the short response time permits its use in assaying milk samples online.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Milks with a Multisensor System Based on Layer-by-Layer Films

Salvo-Comino

García-Hernández

Garcı́a

et al. 2018

Sensors

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“…Further we compared published GaOx based systems with our proposed system based on PyOx‐MTs, acceptable and comparable results were found (Table ). For example Tkac et al., in their study suggested single walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in a chitosan matrix using GaOx for the design of a galactose biosensor .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amperometric Flow Injection Analysis of Glucose and Galactose Based on Engineered Pyranose 2‐Oxidases and Osmium Polymers for Biosensor Applications

et al. 2018

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In the present study, wild type and three mutants of pyranose 2‐oxidase (PyOx‐WT, PyOx‐MT1, PyOx‐MT2, PyOx‐MT3), which showed improved properties for D‐galactose oxidation, were investigated for their oxidising ability when immobilised on graphite electrodes. Four different flexible Os polymers with formal potentials ranging between −0.140 and 0.270 V vs. Ag|AgCl0.1 M KCl were applied together with the various forms of PyOx to wire graphite electrodes using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as crosslinking reagent. The pH profiles for the electrodes modified with wild type and all PyOx mutants in combination with the Os polymers were investigated with both glucose and galactose, respectively, since the PyOx variants showed an improved catalytic activity for galactose. All modified electrodes showed highest response in the pH range between 8.5–10 and KM, Imax values for both glucose and galactose were determined. To prove the catalytic activity, the biosensors were also characterized with cyclic voltammetry. A protein amount 0.26 U was found optimum for PyOx‐WT, 0.36 U for PyOx‐MT1, 0.41 U for PyOx‐MT2 and 0.28 U for PyOx‐MT3 and the analytical characterization of the enzyme electrodes was performed for glucose and galactose under optimized conditions.

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“…An easier, more accurate, and quantifiable measure of galactose could improve screening as well as monitoring. While some prior work on galactose biosensing is present in the literature [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31], the number of reports is limited when compared to highly targeted species such as glucose. Prior work has also focused on the detection of galactose through gas/liquid chromatography, or electrochemical strategies requiring redox mediators (i.e., 2nd generation schemes) or the covalent attachment of galactose oxidase (GaOx) to a surface [26,29,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Generation Amperometric Biosensing of Galactose with Xerogel-Carbon Nanotube Layer-By-Layer Assemblies

et al. 2018

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A first-generation amperometric galactose biosensor has been systematically developed utilizing layer-by-layer (LbL) construction of xerogels, polymers, and carbon nanotubes toward a greater fundamental understanding of sensor design with these materials and the potential development of a more efficient galactosemia diagnostic tool for clinical application. The effect of several parameters (xerogel silane precursor, buffer pH, enzyme concentration, drying time and the inclusion of a polyurethane (PU) outer layer) on galactose sensitivity were investigated with the critical nature of xerogel selection being demonstrated. Xerogels formed from silanes with medium, aliphatic side chains were shown to exhibit significant enhancements in sensitivity with the addition of PU due to decreased enzyme leaching. Semi-permeable membranes of diaminobenzene and resorcinol copolymer and Nafion were used for selective discrimination against interferent species and the accompanying loss of sensitivity with adding layers was countered using functionalized, single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Optimized sensor performance included effective galactose sensitivity (0.037 μA/mM) across a useful diagnostic concentration range (0.5 mM to 7 mM), fast response time (~30 s), and low limits of detection (~80 μM) comparable to literature reports on galactose sensors. Additional modification with anionic polymer layers and/or nanoparticles allowed for galactose detection in blood serum samples and additional selectivity effectiveness.

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A Galactose Oxidase Biosensor Based on Graphene Composite Film for the Determination of Galactose and Dihydroxyacetone

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Discrimination of Milks with a Multisensor System Based on Layer-by-Layer Films

Discrimination of Milks with a Multisensor System Based on Layer-by-Layer Films

Amperometric Flow Injection Analysis of Glucose and Galactose Based on Engineered Pyranose 2‐Oxidases and Osmium Polymers for Biosensor Applications

First Generation Amperometric Biosensing of Galactose with Xerogel-Carbon Nanotube Layer-By-Layer Assemblies

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