A garlic and citrus extract: Impacts on behavior, feed intake, rumen fermentation, and digestibility in sheep

Ahmed, Eslam; Batbekh, Belgutei; Fukuma, Naoki; Kand, Deepashree; Hanada, Masaaki; Nishida, Takehiro

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115007

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The blend of GAR had no effect on animal production or rumen fermentation parameters, which is consistent with previous studies performed using the same blend in sheep ( Ahmed et al., 2021a ). Garlic contains the compound allicin, which is said to reduce protozoa and archaea in the rumen, and has been shown to reduce CH 4 by 6% and 8% in ewes when scaled to metabolic BW and digestible organic matter intake, respectively ( Ma et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Enteric methane emission reduction potential of natural feed supplements in ewe diets

Roskam,

O’Donnell,

Hayes

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal Science

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Research into the potential use of various dietary feed supplements to reduce methane (CH4) production from ruminants has proliferated in recent years. In this study, two 8-week long experiments were conducted with mature ewes and incorporated the use of a variety of natural dietary feed supplements offered either independently or in combination. Both experiments followed a randomised complete block design. Ewes were offered a basal diet in the form of ad libitum access to grass silage supplemented with 0.5 kg concentrates/ewe/day. The entire daily dietary concentrate allocation, incorporating the respective feed supplement, was offered each morning, and this was followed by the daily silage allocation. In experiment 1, the experimental diets contained, 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) Ascophyllum nodosum (SW), 3) A. nodosum extract (EX1), 4) a blend of garlic and citrus extracts (GAR) and 5) a blend of essential oils (EO). In experiment 2, the experimental diets contained, 1) no supplementation (CON), 2) A. nodosum extract (EX2), 3) soya oil (SO) and 4) a combination of EX2 and SO (EXSO). Twenty ewes per treatment were individually housed during both experiments. Methane was measured using portable accumulation chambers. Rumen fluid was collected at the end of both experiments for subsequent volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia analyses. Data were analysed using mixed models ANOVA (PROC MIXED, SAS v9.4.). Statistically significant differences between treatment means were considered when P < 0.05. Dry matter intake was not affected by diet in either experiment (P > 0.05). Ewes offered EO tended to have increased feed:gain ratio relative to CON (P < 0.10) and SO tended to increase average daily gain (P < 0.10) which resulted in animals having a higher final body weight (P < 0.05) than CON. Ewes offered EX1 and SO emitted 9% less CH4 g/day than CON. The only dietary treatment to have an effect on rumen fermentation variables relative to CON was SW, which enhanced total VFA production (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the A. nodosum extract had inconsistent results on CH4 emissions whereby EX1 reduced CH4 g/d while EX2 had no mitigating effect on CH4 production, likely due to the differences in PT content reported for EX1 and EX2. Soya oil was the only dietary feed supplement assessed in the current study that enhanced animal performance whilst mitigating daily CH4 production.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Inclusion rates assumed 1.5 kg DMI/ewe. Details on the formulation of GAR and EO have been published by Ahmed et al. (2021a) and Belanche et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric methane emission reduction potential of natural feed supplements in ewe diets

Roskam,

O’Donnell,

Hayes

et al. 2024

Journal of Animal Science

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“…After this time, rumen metabolism is stabilized and sample collection can be done. Sometimes even a shorter period has been applied, such as a 14 or 15-day adaptation period [ 66 , 67 , 68 ]. The control group was fed a standard diet (TMR-total mixed ration), while the experimental group received TMR + 6% (150 g/kg of DM) of dried apple pomace as a feed additive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dried Apple Pomace (DAP) as a Feed Additive on Antioxidant System in the Rumen Fluid

Bartel

Koszarska

Wysocki

et al. 2022

IJMS

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The study aimed to evaluate the effect of dried apple pomace (DAP) as a feed additive on the enzymatic activity and non-enzymatic compounds belonging to the antioxidant system in cattle rumen fluid. The experiment included 4 Polish Holstein–Friesian cannulated dairy cows and lasted 52 days. The control group was fed with the standard diet, while in the experimental group, 6% of the feedstuff was replaced by dried apple pomace. After the feeding period, ruminal fluid was collected. The spectrophotometric technique for the activity of lysosomal enzymes, the content of vitamin C, polyphenols, and the potential to scavenge the free DPPH radical was used. The enzyme immunoassay tests (ELISA) were used to establish the activity of antioxidants enzymes and MDA. Among the rumen aminopeptidases, a significant reduction (p < 0.01) from 164.00 to 142.00 was observed for leucyl-aminopeptidase. The activity of glycosidases was decreased for HEX (from 231.00 to 194.00) and β-Glu (from 1294.00 to 1136.00), while a significant statistically increase was noticed for BGRD (from 31.10 to 42.40), α-Glu (from 245.00 to 327.00), and MAN (from 29.70 to 36.70). Furthermore, the activity of catalase and GSH (p < 0.01) was inhibited. In turn, the level of vitamin C (from 22.90 to 24.10) and MDA (from 0.36 to 0.45) was statistically higher (p < 0.01). The most positive correlations were observed between AlaAP and LeuAP (r = 0.897) in the aminopeptidases group and between β-Gal and MAN (r = 0.880) in the glycosidases group. Furthermore, one of the most significant correlations were perceived between SOD and AlaAP (r = 0.505) and AcP (r = 0.450). The most negative correlation was noticed between α-Gal and DPPH (r = −0.533) based on these observations. Apple pomace as a feed additive has an influence on lysosomal degradation processes and modifies oxidation–reduction potential in the rumen fluid. Polyphenols and other low-weight antioxidant compounds are sufficient to maintain redox balance in the rumen.

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“…Natural-product-based methane inhibitors, such as essential oil blends, endeavor to amplify efficacy through the combination of diverse plant secondary metabolites. Commercial products, such as Agolin and Mootral have demonstrated significant methane reduction in sheep [ 64 ] and dairy cattle [ 65 ], albeit with limited effectiveness in beef cattle [ 66 ]. Highly permeable plant secondary metabolites could potentially influence ruminal ciliate and methanogen populations [ 67 ], although a meta-analysis suggested inconsistent effects on ruminal ciliates reduction through essential oil blends [ 68 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

— Invited Review — Ruminal ciliates as modulators of the rumen microbiome

Park

2024

Anim Biosci

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Ruminal ciliates are a fundamental constituent within the rumen microbiome of ruminant animals. The complex interactions between ruminal ciliates and other microbial guilds within the rumen ecosystems are of paramount importance for facilitating the digestion and fermentation processes of ingested feed components. This review underscores the significance of ruminal ciliates by exploring their impact on key factors, such as methane production, nitrogen utilization efficiency, feed efficiency, and other animal performance measurements. Various methods are employed in the study of ruminal ciliates including culture techniques and molecular approaches. This review highlights the pressing need for further investigations to discern the distinct roles of various ciliate species, particularly relating to methane mitigation and the enhancement of nitrogen utilization efficiency. The promotion of establishing robust reference databases tailored specifically to ruminal ciliates is encouraged, alongside the utilization of genomics and transcriptomics that can highlight their functional contributions to the rumen microbiome. Collectively, the progressive advancement in knowledge concerning ruminal ciliates and their inherent biological significance will be helpful in the pursuit of optimizing rumen functionality and refining animal production outcomes.

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A garlic and citrus extract: Impacts on behavior, feed intake, rumen fermentation, and digestibility in sheep

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Enteric methane emission reduction potential of natural feed supplements in ewe diets

Enteric methane emission reduction potential of natural feed supplements in ewe diets

Effect of Dried Apple Pomace (DAP) as a Feed Additive on Antioxidant System in the Rumen Fluid

— Invited Review — Ruminal ciliates as modulators of the rumen microbiome

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