A gas electroluminescence detector with improved performance for X-ray analysis instruments

Goganov, D.A.; Schultz, A.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9002(97)00526-3

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Energy resolutions of 7.8 and 4.4% were obtained with a xenon-filled GPSC for 5.9 and 22.1 keV x-rays, respectively. This performance is better than that achieved with GPSCs of similar design, equipped with small-area 38 mm PMTs, 9,43 or even with 51 mm PMTs. 18,28,38 A further alternative under study is the use of largearea conventional VUV photodiodes.…”

Section: Photosensor Alternatives To Pmtsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…These techniques allow the production of sealed detectors with lifetimes of several years. 9 However, these same techniques increase the complexity and cost of GPSCs production. Most of the GPSCs described in the literature were either sealed detectors coupled to an appendage getter pump, or detectors coupled to a gas purification system with gas circulation through getters.…”

Section: Gas Purity and Getteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To the best of our knowledge only one of these detectors has been developed for application to EDXRF analysis and x-ray structure analysis and is produced commercially. 9 The design contains only one focusing electrode so as to simplify substantially the manufacturing and, as a result, its performance is inferior to that of multi-electrode focusing designs. The detector window diameter is limited to 20 mm and the energy resolution degrades from 8.3 to 9.2% at 6 keV as the window diameter is increased beyond 20 mm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of portable gas proportional scintillation counters for x‐ray spectrometry

et al. 2001

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A review on gas proportional scintillation counters (GPSCs) is presented. Recent achievements towards the portability of simple, inexpensive and compact GPSCs are discussed. Compensation of solid angle effects with the curved grid technique can be used to produce non-focused GPSCs with medium-sized radiation windows, at least up to 80% of the photosensor active diameter, without degradation of detector performance. Low power-consuming and compact vacuum UV photosensors that can operate in direct contact with the scintillation gas, as an alternative to photomultiplier tubes, are now available. Small gettering devices with a low-power built-in heating elements have been shown to be sufficient for the required gas purification in GPSCs assembled with simple and inexpensive techniques, such as the use of epoxies for ceramic-to-metal joints.

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Section: Photosensor Alternatives To Pmtsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Gas Purity and Getteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of portable gas proportional scintillation counters for x‐ray spectrometry

et al. 2001

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“…In addition, F and R reach a sharp minimum. The calculations relate this behavior to the peaking in the number of Penning and associative-ionization ͑PI,AI͒ electrons, which mostly come from the Ne( 1 P 1 , 3 states. We verify that the PI,AI processes are crucial in determining the behavior of F and w at these very low Xe concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2. Flow chart describing the channels involved in the production of electrons by Penning and associative ionization ͑PI,AI͒, where Ne** represents Ne excited states higher than Ne 1s( 1 P 1 , 3 P 2,1,0 ), and Ne* m and Ne* r represent the Ne 1s metastable ( 3 P 2 , 3 P 0 ) and resonant ( 1 P 1 , 3 As in our earlier publications which included Hornbeck-Molnar ionization ͑HI͒ in Xe ͓Eq. ͑6͔͒, 18,19 we use the probability P HI shown in Fig.…”

Section: B Input Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo simulation study of the Fano factor, w value, and energy resolution for the absorption of soft x rays in xenon–neon gas mixtures

Santos

Dias

Rachinhas

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Physics

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Prediction of the thermophysical properties of pure neon, pure argon, and the binary mixtures neon-argon and argon-krypton by Monte Carlo simulation using ab initio potentials Absolute W value measurements for 5.9 keV x rays in Ne-Xe mixtures at atmospheric pressures Xenon gas proportional-scintillation counters ͑GPSC͒ have many applications in the detection of soft x rays where their energy resolution, R, is comparable to solid-state detectors when large window areas are required. However, R is known to deteriorate for energies E xr below 2-3 keV due to electron loss to the entrance window. Since the addition of a lighter noble gas increases the absorption depth, we have investigated the use of Xe-Ne gas mixtures at atmospheric pressure as detector fillings. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation study of the Fano factor, F, the w value, and the intrinsic energy resolution, Rϭ2.36(Fw/E xr ) 1/2 , are presented for Xe-Ne mixtures and pure Xe and Ne. The results show that the addition of Ne to Xe reduces the intrinsic energy resolution R but this never compensates for the reduction in scintillation yield in GPSC applications, implying that the instrumental energy resolution R will only improve with the addition of Ne when electron loss to the window in pure Xe is significant. The simulation reproduces the photoionization process of the Xe and Ne atoms, the vacancy cascade decay of the residual ions, and the elastic and inelastic scattering of electrons by the gas atoms. The contribution of energy and charge transfer mechanisms such as Penning, associative, and transfer ionization is discussed in detail. It is shown that Penning and associative ionization are the crucial indirect ionization processes which determine the behavior of F and w at low concentrations of Xe. The importance of the nonmetastable Ne states is also assessed.

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Driftless gas proportional scintillation counter pulse analysis using digital processing techniques

2001

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A driftless gas proportional scintillation counter (GPSC) of simple design, using digital pulse‐signature analysis, is described. The digital pulse acquisition and processing techniques are shown to be a simple and effective method to determine pulse time duration and to perform pulse amplitude correction in driftless GPSCs. This technique allows the application of driftless GPSCs to x‐ray spectrometry up to 60 keV. Although the pulse throughput achieved by the digital pulse‐height analyser in this application is limited to about 2 kHz, total interaction rates above 20 kHz can be tolerated by the detector without significant degradation of the pulse‐height distributions obtained. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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A gas electroluminescence detector with improved performance for X-ray analysis instruments

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Development of portable gas proportional scintillation counters for x‐ray spectrometry

Development of portable gas proportional scintillation counters for x‐ray spectrometry

Monte Carlo simulation study of the Fano factor, w value, and energy resolution for the absorption of soft x rays in xenon–neon gas mixtures

Driftless gas proportional scintillation counter pulse analysis using digital processing techniques

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