“…Since error-prone polymerases can synthesize DNA and their activity is mediated by interaction with the β-clamp of the replisome ( Bunting et al, 2003 ; Chang et al, 2019 ; Fujii and Fuchs, 2004 ; Thrall et al, 2017 ; Wagner et al, 2009 ; Warner et al, 2010 ), action of these polymerases has mostly been studied in the context of replicating cells, as a mechanism that facilitates continued DNA synthesis by acting at or behind the replication fork ( Chang et al, 2019 ; Chang et al, 2020 ; Indiani et al, 2005 ; Jeiranian et al, 2013 ; Marians, 2018 ). In addition to replication-associated lesion tolerance, some studies have proposed the possibility of error-prone synthesis in a manner that is replication-independent ( Janel-Bintz et al, 2017 ; Kozmin and Jinks-Robertson, 2013 ).…”