A General and Efficient Copper Catalyst for the Amidation of Aryl Halides and the N-Arylation of Nitrogen Heterocycles

Theoretical Investigations on Deactivation of Copper Catalytic Species in Ullmann Cross Coupling Reactions

“…Modern Ullmann coupling reactions [1][2][3][4] (Scheme-I) are widely used in organic synthesis and C-hetero atom bond formation [5]. These reactions are essential tool in modern laboratories and industries for the synthesis of bio-active drugs, agro-chemicals and polymers [5,[6][7][8].…”

Orthogonal Pd- and Cu-Based Catalyst Systems for C- and N-Arylation of Oxindoles

“…The use of 1% Pd 2 (dba) 3 and 5% XPhos (Figure 2) was found to facilitate the cross-coupling of aryl chlorides with oxindoles unsubstituted at C3 using K 2 CO 3 as the base in THF or 1,4-dioxane at temperatures ranging between 80 and 100 °C (Table 1). The use of bidentate or other dialkylbiarylmonophosphine ligands provided low conversion of starting material and yield of products.…”

Copper(II) Salt Catalyzed Coupling Strategy Towards Synthesis of Substituted Dibenzopyranones

“…In fact, acetylenes and halides as partners in Sonogashira reaction [13] employs catalytic amount of Pd(0) and Cu(I). Towards advancing catalysis as a science, Buchwald et al contributed on Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions by amalgmating chelating ligands [14][15][16]. Mechanistically, use of ligands in such processes lower the activation energy of the metal catalyst and moderates the coupling reaction in a much faster pace.…”