A general and rigorous WDM receiver model targeting 10-40-Gb/s channel bit rates

BER estimation for multilevel modulation formats

“…Reference source not found. [8] and has then been extended to other modulation formats such as DPSK, DQPSK [8], and DmPSK [10], [11]. The impact of laser phase noise and electrical post-detection noise can be included in this approach as follows: Since all noise sources are uncorrelated, the resulting MGF of the electrical signal at the detector can be written as the product of all independent stochastic noise processes [3]:…”

New Rigorous Model for Rx ISI Effects in WDM Systems

“…In [1,2] the Rx model of [3] is generalized in order to provide a WDM system model which accounts in principle for all the physical effects that are listed in the introduction. In order to be able to account for the non-gaussian statistics of the detected ASE noise the Rx model ( Fig.…”

“…In order to be able to account for the non-gaussian statistics of the detected ASE noise the Rx model ( Fig. Then the operation of the (electrical) low-pass filter (LPF) is simply to add M independent squared gaussian distributed (signal plus) noise samples with variances proportional to the eigen-values 1 and this allows the resulting moment generating function (MGF) to be given in analytical form [2]. The deterministic optical signal (at the PD input) is described by M signal samples during the bit-time T and each signal sample is connected to the additive ASE noise through a row in the M × M dimensioned covariance matrix R. The optical signal defines in our notation a signal sample vector z.…”

“…1) utilizes a (Hermitian and positive definite) covariance matrix R to specify the noise properties at the input to the photo-diode (PD) i. e. after the accumulated optical ASE noise has been transmitted through the AWG filter. From the MGF (which is the Laplace transformed probability density function (pdf)) it is straightforward to determine the bit-error-ratio (BER) numerically [2]. The covariance matrix is diagonalized in the model (and z is projected onto the resulting ortho-normal eigen-vectors).…”

“…In [1,2] we have developed a pertinent rigorous Rx model which is intrinsically based upon [3] and which is relevant for WDM systems design in the 10-40 Gbit/s channel bit-rate range. The influence of electrical lowpass noise filtering in the receiver was not derived in complete form here.…”