A general design approach toward covalent organic frameworks for highly efficient electrochemiluminescence

Abstract

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) plays a key role in analysis and sensing because of its high sensitivity and low background. Its wide applications are however limited by a lack of highly tunable ECL luminophores. Here we develop a scalable method to design ECL emitters of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in aqueous medium by simultaneously restricting the donor and acceptor to the COFs’ tight electron configurations and constructing high-speed charge transport networks through olefin linkages. This design allows efficient intramolecular charge transfer for strong ECL, and no exogenous poisonous co-reactants are needed. Olefin-linked donor-acceptor conjugated COFs, systematically synthesized by combining non-ECL active monomers with C2v or C3v symmetry, exhibit strong ECL signals, which can be boosted by increasing the chain length and conjugation of monomers. The present concept demonstrates that the highly efficient COF-based ECL luminophores can be precisely designed, providing a promising direction toward COF-based ECL phosphors.

Facile construction of olefin-linked covalent organic frameworks for enhanced photocatalytic organic transformation via wall surface engineering

“…COFs present a remarkable kind of porous crystalline polymer materials that are composed of organic building units through covalent bonds. 11,12 With a well-defined pore structure, promising stabilities and fascinating opto-electronic properties, 13 COFs had shown enormous potential for application in various fields including gas adsorption 14 and separation, 15 sensing, 16–19 biomedicine, 20,21 energy storage, 22,23 optoelectronics, 24–26 and catalysis. 27–30 Particularly, due to the regular pore structure, considerable stability and extended π-conjugated framework, COFs hold much potential for photocatalysis.…”

CoN5 Sites Constructed by Anchoring Co Porphyrins on Vinylene‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are a class of crystallinity and porous polymers, have shown various application owing to their designable skeletons, ordered porous channels, controllable porous environment, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. [ 21–34 ] Meanwhile, the one‐dimensional pore channels of COFs facilitated ions transport, and the active Co sites were well distributed in the knots by using Co‐porphyrins or phthalocyanines building units and therefore COFs have been developed for CO 2 RR. [ 35–38 ] In 2015, Yaghi has first demonstrated COF‐366‐Co for CO 2 RR.…”

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, the disordered pores and uncontrollable skeletons of the carbon support hinder us to precisely modulate the density and location of active sites.Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are a class of crystallinity and porous polymers, have shown various application owing to their designable skeletons, ordered porous channels, controllable porous environment, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Meanwhile, the one-dimensional pore channels of COFs facilitated ions transport, and the active Co sites were well distributed in the knots by using Co-porphyrins or phthalocyanines building units Developing effective electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction (CO 2 RR) is of critical importance for producing carbon-neutral fuels. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an ideal platform for constructing catalysts toward CO 2 RR, because of their controllable skeletons and ordered pores.…”

Selective Detection of Nucleotides in Infant Formula Using an N-Rich Covalent Triazine Porous Polymer

“…The unique properties of covalent organic frameworks (COF), including their high surface area, physicochemical stability and structural diversity, have led to their receiving extensive attention during the past few years [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. However, the adsorption by traditional COFs mainly depends on their large conjugated systems, porous structure and hydrophobicity, and this restricts their use with polar or ionic solutes [11,12].…”