A General Feedback Theory of Human Behavior: Part I

Powers, William T.; Clark, Ross; Farland, R. L. Mc

doi:10.2466/pms.1960.11.1.71

Cited by 170 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…I completely agree with their assessment, and in the target article I pointed to a number of cybernetic/control system precursors to the EPM (Carver & Scheier, 1982, 2013Magen & Gross, 2010;Miller, Galanter, & Pribram, 1960;Powers, Clark, & McFarland, 1960a, 1960bRangel, Camerer, & Montague, 2008;Wiener, 1948). In particular, Webb and colleagues note the continuity between the EPM and cybernetic/control systems perspectives, which posit that self-regulation is made possible by negative feedback loops that decrease the discrepancy between a current state and a reference value.…”

Section: A Cybernetic/control Systems Perspectivementioning

confidence: 80%

The Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation: Elaborations, Applications, and Future Directions

Gross

2015

Psychological Inquiry

510

445

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Section: A Cybernetic/control Systems Perspectivementioning

confidence: 80%

The Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation: Elaborations, Applications, and Future Directions

Gross

2015

Psychological Inquiry

510

445

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“…363). ‖ PCT was developed during the 1950s by a physicist/engineer -William T. Powers who figured out how this circuit actually worked, and was first published in (Powers et al 1960). Then it was formalized in (Powers, 1973) and revised by Powers in his latest book (2008).…”

Section: Perceptual Control Theory On Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Cognitive-appraisal Theories (Arnold, 1960;Lazarus, 1966Lazarus, , 1991Scherer 1984Scherer , 2001Smith and Ellsworth 1985;Roseman and Smith, 2001;Sander et al 2005), Theory of Embodying Emotion (e.g., James, 1884;Lange, 1885;Damasio, 1989Damasio, , 1994Barsalou et al 2003;Chartrand and Bargh, 1999;Niedenthal et al 2005;Vermeulen et al 2007;Niedenthal et al 2007;Niedenthal, 2009;), Embodied Appraisal Theory (e.g., James, 1884;Lange, 1885;Lazarus, 1991;Damasio, 1999;Prinz, 2004aPrinz, , 2004b, Perceptual Control Theory on Emotions (e.g., Dewey, 1896;Powers et al 1960;Powers, 1973Powers, , 2007Powers, , 2008Moore, 2007), and Rolls's Theory of Emotion (Millenson, 1967;Weiskrantz, 1968;Gray, 1975Gray, , 1987Rolls, 1986aRolls, , 1986bRolls, , 1990Rolls, , 1999aRolls, , 2000aRolls, , 2005aRolls, , 2007 mainly focus on this aspect.…”

Section: Robotic Facial Expressions: From Psychology To Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual Recognition of Robot Emotions

Zhang

Sharkey

2011

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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In the field of human-robot interaction, socially interactive robots are often equipped with the ability to detect the affective states of users, the ability to express emotions through the use of synthetic facial expressions, speech and textual content, and the ability for imitating and social learning. Past work on creating robots that can make convincing emotional expressions has concentrated on the quality of those expressions, and on assessing people's ability to recognize them. Previous recognition studies presented the facial expressions of the robots in neutral contexts, without any strong emotional valence (e.g., emotionally valenced music or video). It is therefore worth empirically exploring whether observers' judgments of the facial cues of a robot would be affected by a surrounding emotional context. This thesis takes its inspiration from the contextual effects found on the interpretation of the expressions on human faces and computer avatars, and looks at the extent to which they also apply to the interpretation of the facial expressions of a mechanical robot head. The kinds of contexts that affect the recognition of robot emotional expressions, the circumstances under which such contextual effects occur, and the relationship between emotions and the surrounding situation, are observed and analyzed in a series of 11 experiments. In these experiments, the FACS (Facial Action Coding System) (Ekman and Friesen, 2002) was applied to set up the parameters of the servos to make the robot head produce sequences of facial expressions. Four different emotional surrounding or preceding contexts were used (i.e., recorded BBC News pieces, selected affective pictures, classical music pieces and film clips). This thesis provides evidence that observers' judgments about the facial expressions of a robot can be affected by a surrounding emotional context. From a psychological perspective, the contextual effects found on the robotic facial expressions based on the FACS, indirectly support the claims that human emotions are both 4 biologically based and socially constructed. From a robotics perspective, it is argued that the results obtained from the analyses will be useful for guiding researchers to enhance the expressive skills of emotional robots in a surrounding emotional context. This thesis also analyzes the possible factors contributing to the contextual effects found in the original 11 experiments.Some future work, including four new experiments (a preliminary experiment designed to identify appropriate contextual materials and three further experiments in which factors likely to affect a context effect are controlled one by one) is also proposed in this thesis.

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“…These are not new ideas. Indeed, the analysis of when people decide to regulate draws heavily on cybernetic models of selfregulation (e.g., the work of Carver & Scheier, 1982; that, in turn, drew on the work of Powers, 1973;Powers, Clark, & McFarland, 1960a, 1960b. The consideration of challenges draws on other action control perspectives on emotion regulation, such as those described by Bonanno and Burton (2013), Gross and Jazaieri (2014), Webb, Schweiger Gallo, Miles, Gollwitzer, and Sheeran (2012).…”

Section: Foundations and Extensions For The Extended Model: More On Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A hallmark of perceptual control theory (PCT; Powers, 1973;Powers et al, 1960aPowers et al, , 1960b is that living systems are viewed as using behavior (or action) to actively control the perceived environment so as to bring it into line with the system's goals. Therefore, behavior is viewed as controlling inputs in a goal-directed way, rather than merely a response to what happens in the environment.…”

Section: Identifying and Using The Theoretical Foundations Of The Epmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundations and Extensions for the Extended Model: More on Implicit and Explicit Forms of Emotion Regulation

Webb

Totterdell

Ibar

2015

Psychological Inquiry

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Electronic mail may be sent to t.webb@sheffield.ac.uk Foundations and extensions for the extended model 2 AbstractGross's Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation (or EPM) draws on insights from the psychology of action control to consider not just the strategies that people use to regulate their emotions, but also how people decide when and how to regulate, and go about implementing their chosen strategy. This commentary seeks to extend the action control perspective on emotion regulation even further to connect the EPM with extant frameworks on self-regulation. In this regard, we consider the relation between emotions and behavior, conflict between emotional goals, the nature of the reference value toward which regulation is directed, and the dynamics of emotion regulation. We then consider two issues only touched on by Gross's review -automatic (or implicit) emotion regulation and (ii) interpersonal (or extrinsic) emotion regulation.

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A General Feedback Theory of Human Behavior: Part I

Cited by 170 publications

References 0 publications

The Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation: Elaborations, Applications, and Future Directions

The Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation: Elaborations, Applications, and Future Directions

Contextual Recognition of Robot Emotions

Foundations and Extensions for the Extended Model: More on Implicit and Explicit Forms of Emotion Regulation

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