A General Formulation for Unidimensional Unfolding and Pairwise Preference Models: Making Explicit the Latitude of Acceptance

A Class of Probabilistic Unfolding Models for Polytomous Responses

“…(1) is that in addition to the item location $ i , a second item parameter % i appears as a unit parameter. Luo (1998a) reparameterised the HCM into the following form, which involves only the hyperbolic cosine function:…”

“…The implied latitude of acceptance parameters in these models were also identified in Luo (1998a). The JML procedure for the parameter estimation of the general dichotomous unfolding model (4) is proposed by Luo, Andrich, and Styles (1998).…”

“…Furthermore, by making an abstraction from the reparameterised form of the HCM (2), Luo (1998a) presented the general form of the probabilistic unfolding models for dichotomous responses as follows,…”

“…Luo (1998a) proposed a general form of the probabilistic unfolding models for dichotomous responses, of which all the previous proposed probabilistic dichotomous unfolding models are special cases.…”

Modeling typical performance measures

“…Various parametric unfolding models are developed. The models differ in the way they model the lattitude of acceptance (Luo, 1998). The lattitude of acceptance is expressed by one or two parameters for heighth and width of the item response curve.…”