A general framework for multivariate functional principal component analysis of amplitude and phase variation

Happ, Clara; Scheipl, Fabian; Gabriel, Alice‐Agnes; Greven, Sonja

doi:10.1002/sta4.220

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While the feasibility of dynamic rupture inversion and statistical learning approaches has been demonstrated (e.g. Peyrat et al 2001;Bauer et al, 2018, Happ et al 2019, Gallovič et al 2019a, Gallovič et al 2019b), these are restricted by near-field data availability and the computational cost of each forward dynamic rupture model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Fault Interaction during a Fluid-Injection-Induced Earthquake: The 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang Event

Palgunadi

Gabriel

Ulrich

et al. 2020

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The 15 November 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang, South Korea, earthquake has been linked to hydraulic stimulation and fluid injections, making it the largest induced seismic event associated with an enhanced geothermal system. To understand its source dynamics and fault interactions, we conduct the first 3D high-resolution spontaneous dynamic rupture simulations of an induced earthquake. We account for topography, off-fault plastic deformation under depth-dependent bulk cohesion, rapid velocity weakening friction, and 1D subsurface structure. A guided fault reconstruction approach that clusters spatiotemporal aftershock locations (including their uncertainties) is used to identify a main and a secondary fault plane that intersect under a shallow angle of 15°. Based on simple Mohr–Coulomb failure analysis and 180 dynamic rupture experiments in which we vary local stress loading conditions, fluid pressure, and relative fault strength, we identify a preferred two-fault-plane scenario that well reproduces observations. We find that the regional far-field tectonic stress regime promotes pure strike-slip faulting, whereas local stress conditions constrained by borehole logging generate the observed thrust-faulting component. Our preferred model is characterized by overpressurized pore fluids, nonoptimally oriented but dynamically weak faults and a close-to-critical local stress state. In our model, earthquake rupture “jumps” to the secondary fault by dynamic triggering, generating a measurable non-double-couple component. Our simulations suggest that complex dynamic fault interaction may occur during fluid-injection-induced earthquakes and that local stress perturbations dominate over regional stress conditions. Therefore, our findings have important implications for seismic hazard in active georeservoir.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Fault Interaction during a Fluid-Injection-Induced Earthquake: The 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang Event

Palgunadi

Gabriel

Ulrich

et al. 2020

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic fault interaction during a fluid-injection induced earthquake: The 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang event

Palgunadi¹,

Gabriel²,

Ulrich³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The November 15th, 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang earthquake (South Korea) has been linked to hydraulic stimulation and fluid injections, making this the largest induced seismic event associated with an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). To understand its source dynamics and fault interactions, we conduct the first 3D high-resolution spontaneous dynamic rupture simulations of an induced earthquake. We account for topography, off-fault plastic deformation under depth-dependent bulk cohesion, rapid velocity weakening friction and 1D subsurface structure. A guided fault reconstruction approach that clusters spatio-temporal aftershock locations (including their uncertainties) is used to identify a main and a secondary fault plane that intersects under a shallow angle of 15°. Based on simple Mohr-Coulomb failure analysis and 180 dynamic rupture experiments in which we vary local stress loading conditions, fluid pressure, and relative fault strength, we identify preferred two fault plane scenarios that well reproduce observations. We find that the regional far-field tectonic stress regime promotes pure strike-slip faulting, while local stress conditions constrained by borehole logging generate the observed thrust faulting component. Our preferred model is characterized by overpressurized pore fluids, non-optimally oriented but dynamically weak faults and a close to critical local stress state. In our model, earthquake rupture “jumps” to the secondary fault by dynamic triggering, generating a measurable non-double couple component. Our simulations suggest that complex dynamic fault interaction may occur during fluid-injection induced earthquakes and that local stress perturbations dominate over the regional stress conditions. These findings, therefore, have important implications for seismic hazard in active geo-reservoir.

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“…MPCA reduces the dimensions of the X matrix (K × N), where there are K input variables and N observations in the X matrix, into a lower dimension latent vector space. [13,14,[23][24][25][26] The latent vector space represents a new coordination system determined by projecting the original noisy and collinear data into a reduced space, which contains most of the relevant information about the process. MPCA provides a simpler description of the data variability than the original data.…”

Section: Multiway Principal Component Analysis (Mpca)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heats and input variables selection for designing a water detection framework applicable to industrial electric arc furnaces

et al. 2020

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This paper describes the development of “heats” and input variables selection models that are incorporated into a water detection framework for an industrial steelmaking electric arc furnace (EAF). The selection models in this work are developed based on latent variable methods. The latent variable methods used in this work are multiway principal component analysis (MPCA) and multiway projection to latent structures (MPLS). The particular problems related to latent variable methods discussed in this paper include data preprocessing, including alignment, unfolding method, centering, and scaling. The outcome of the heats selection model is heats with normal operation and the outcome of the input variables selection model is variables that are highly correlated with the off‐gas water vapour. The water detection framework and developed models are useful in practical settings for the prediction of water leakage and the design of appropriate fault detection and diagnosis strategies.

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A general framework for multivariate functional principal component analysis of amplitude and phase variation

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Dynamic Fault Interaction during a Fluid-Injection-Induced Earthquake: The 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang Event

Dynamic Fault Interaction during a Fluid-Injection-Induced Earthquake: The 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang Event

Dynamic fault interaction during a fluid-injection induced earthquake: The 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang event

Heats and input variables selection for designing a water detection framework applicable to industrial electric arc furnaces

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