A General Method for the Chromatographic Separation of Nonionic Surface-Active Agents and Related Materials.

Rosen, Milton J.

doi:10.1021/ac60206a028

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…C r = C Ri · VRF [4] where C g , C r and C Ri (kg/m 3 ) are the contents of each component in the gel layer, retentate, and initial retentate, respectively, and k (m/s) is the mass transfer coefficient in the gel layer. From Equations 3 and 4, the following equation is obtained:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating emulsified waste containing mineral oils and alkylphenolethoxylate by membrane and acid‐heating processes

Miyagi¹,

Nakajima

2003

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We applied a membrane process to treat emulsified industrial waste with mineral oils and alkylphenolethoxylate (APE). Besides the membrane process, we also investigated acid-heating processes for easy introduction into small factories. The present studies were carried out using factory waste for a practical application. In the NTU-2120 membrane process, 99.0 to 99.1% of total organic carbon (TOC) and 97.1 to 98.2% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were removed from the waste, demonstrating the efficacy of the waste treatment. Permeate fluxes were reduced by 60 to 80% until the volume reduction factor reached 10. The permeate flux was governed by the gel polarization model, and the specific resistance of the gel layer became greater with pressure. Regeneration of the used membrane by the back-pressure wash method completely restored the membrane capacities. The acid-heating process (pH < 3, temperature > 70°C) reduced TOC by 96.0% and COD by 92.3%, demonstrating waste treatment efficacy similar to that of the membrane process.Alkylphenolethoxylate (APE), a nonionic surfactant, is widely used in detergents and emulsifiers because of its many useful properties, such as its ability to move into porous materials easily, its dispersibility, its low degree of foaming, and its stability under strongly acidic and alkaline conditions. However, APE and its incomplete degradation products negatively influence the environment because of biodegradation problems (1). Furthermore, recent reports have indicated that alkylphenol, which is an incomplete degradation product of APE and its oxidation products, accumulates in the environment and causes problems that are due to its estrogenic action (2).Water-soluble detergents containing APE have been used in quantity instead of chlorofluorocarbon or various organic solvents in manufacturing metallic, mechanical, and electronic parts. Such waste is often emulsified with mineral oils and APE. The capacities of conventional procedures for testing emulsified wastes by biological methods are inadequate due to the biodegradation problems with APE (1) as well as mineral oils.Our previous study assessed the feasibility of emulsified waste treatment using a membrane process as a substitute for biological methods (3). We conducted experiments with model waste containing mineral oils and APE in a flat membrane batch cell using polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration membranes. The UF process could reject 97% of the mineral oils and 90% of the APE in the model waste, and was effective for treating the emulsified waste. However, the permeate flux decreased too much due to fouling. Consequently, it is necessary to improve the permeate flux for industrial applications.In the present study, we determined the properties of actual emulsified waste obtained from a certain metal manufacturing factory and investigated the application of a UF membrane to the waste. The used membrane was regenerated with a back-pressure wash, and membrane performance was assessed. Besides the membrane process, we a...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating emulsified waste containing mineral oils and alkylphenolethoxylate by membrane and acid‐heating processes

Miyagi¹,

Nakajima

2003

J Surfact & Detergents

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On exposure to bromine, many aromatic compounds on papergrams liberate hydrogen bromide, which may be detected by spraying with dimethyl yellow (813). Chromatography has played a part in the analysis of plasticizers (192), surfactants (218,1114,1312,1559), accelerators and antioxidants (1099, 1100), mordants (1123) photographic developers (1033), and unknown toxins (312). Chromatographic methods for high polymers have been reviewed by Samsonov (1346).…”

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatography

Heftmanń¹

1964

Anal. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Various procedures have been used for investigating the distribution in these and similar condensates, principally those from alkyl phenols. Kelly and Greenwald (1), Rosen (2) and Bfirger (3) used column chromatography in work with alkyl phenols but adequate resolution was difficult to achieve and the chromatographic step was lengthy. Puthoff and Benedict (4) described a rapid method for separation and determination of the first few members of the adducts from primary a]kyl ether condensates using column chromatography of the p-phenyIazobenzoate esters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of oxyethylene distribution in condensates of primary alcohols with ethylene oxide

McCoy

Bullock

1969

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new method has been developed that makes possible determination of the oxyethylene distribution of the condcnsates of mixed carbon number detergent-range, primary alcohols with ethylene oxide over a wide range. Circular thin layer chromatography of the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate ester derivatives is used to separate the condensates into a series of groups, each group containing all of the compounds present having the same number of oxyethylene units. These groups of esters are recovered and determined by a spectrophotometric procedure. Distribution curves are obtained that cover the range of added oxyethylene units from 0 to as high as 18. Higher adducts are recovered and determined as a group.

show abstract

A General Method for the Chromatographic Separation of Nonionic Surface-Active Agents and Related Materials.

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Treating emulsified waste containing mineral oils and alkylphenolethoxylate by membrane and acid‐heating processes

Treating emulsified waste containing mineral oils and alkylphenolethoxylate by membrane and acid‐heating processes

Chromatography

Determination of oxyethylene distribution in condensates of primary alcohols with ethylene oxide

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About