2002
DOI: 10.1126/science.1075284
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A General Model for Designing Networks of Marine Reserves

Abstract: There is debate concerning the most effective conservation of marine biodiversity, especially regarding the appropriate location, size, and connectivity of marine reserves. We describe a means of establishing marine reserve networks by using optimization algorithms and multiple levels of information on biodiversity, ecological processes (spawning, recruitment, and larval connectivity), and socioeconomic factors in the Gulf of California. A network covering 40% of rocky reef habitat can fulfill many conservatio… Show more

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Cited by 343 publications
(299 citation statements)
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“…Management of nursery habitats, from these perspectives, is critical for biodiversity conservation and fishery management (Beck et al 2001;Sala et al 2002). The nursery role of coastal habitats, however, has been often addressed to single species and poorly investigated from a quantitative viewpoint (Beck et al 2001;Dahlgren et al 2006), especially in the Mediterranean region.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Management of nursery habitats, from these perspectives, is critical for biodiversity conservation and fishery management (Beck et al 2001;Sala et al 2002). The nursery role of coastal habitats, however, has been often addressed to single species and poorly investigated from a quantitative viewpoint (Beck et al 2001;Dahlgren et al 2006), especially in the Mediterranean region.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They will also generally be more desirable biologically because many marine species as well as crucial ecological processes have very large spatial requirements (4,11,15). Nevertheless, small reserves may be appropriate where marine habitats are patchily distributed, and coalescence may be further constrained insofar as extremely large no-take MPAs may reduce overall fish catches.…”
Section: Costing a Global Mpa Networkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Evidence is mounting that marine protected areas (MPAs), where fishing and other human activities are restricted or prohibited, conserve habitats and populations (1,(11)(12)(13) and, by exporting biomass, may also sustain or increase the overall yield of nearby fisheries (1,11,12). There has been considerable progress in identifying priority areas and efficient MPA configurations for marine conservation (14,15). However, despite their growing significance for policy, we have virtually no data on how much MPAs cost to establish and run, how these costs vary, or whether a substantially expanded global network of MPAs could be afforded.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tropical marine ecosystems typically have exceptionally high levels of water clarity, and remote-sensing methods have been applied to map habitats with great accuracy (Mumby et al 1998). Despite the relative ease of habitat mapping tropical marine habitats, and the need to quantify biodiversity for marine reserve selection algorithms (e.g., Sala et al 2002, Leslie et al 2003, few empirical studies evaluate the adequacy of remotely sensed habitat maps as biodiversity surrogates. Friedlander et al (2003a) used habitat maps and the distinct inter-habitat differences in coral and fish communities to aid the design of an effective marine protected area in Colombia.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%