A General Model for the Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities Between Europe and Latin America

López-Roldán, Pedro; Fachelli, Sandra

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_1

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Between 2000 and 2009, the Brazilian government managed to improve the quality of primary education, as evidenced by the increase in average student scores in the Program for International Student Assessment (Soares et al, 2012). However, in comparison to other countries, Brazilian students continue to score significantly lower (López‐Roldán & Fachelli, 2021). Moreover, Brazilian educators have witnessed several educational reforms being implemented and then scrapped by consecutive governments, which has created a climate of uncertainty and led to lower motivation among teachers (Kauko et al, 2018).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Joint effects of shared and transformational leadership on performance in street‐level bureaucracies: Evidence from the educational sector

Lagowska

Sobral

Tavares

2022

Public Administration Review

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Recent theories of public administration emphasize the importance of leadership as shared property. This research focuses on the role of the interaction between vertical and shared leadership in promoting agency performance. Specifically, it examines the joint effects of shared leadership and transformational leadership on team empowerment and performance in public settings. Based on field study data collected from 74 street-level bureaucracies and 423 public servants in Brazil, we find evidence that vertical transformational leadership strengthens the direct relationship between shared leadership and team empowerment as well as the indirect relationship between shared leadership and school performance through team empowerment (a moderated-mediation model). The findings of this study suggest that greater attention should be paid to the dynamics of shared and vertical leadership structures to better understand their consequences for team processes and outcomes in public settings. Evidence for Practice• Agencies with higher levels of shared leadership performed significantly better due to an increased sense of empowerment among employees. • Public managers enhanced the effects of shared leadership on agency performance by demonstrating transformational leadership. • To harness the potential of shared leadership in the public sector, organizations should introduce managerial training that develops transformational leaders who offer clear vision, motivate, and inspire employees.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Joint effects of shared and transformational leadership on performance in street‐level bureaucracies: Evidence from the educational sector

Lagowska

Sobral

Tavares

2022

Public Administration Review

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“…Resultado que muestra una semejanza sorprendente en el patrón de configuración de las desigualdades sociales. Así lo hemos podido comprobar también de forma parecida al estudiar la segmentación del mercado de trabajo, donde los patrones de estructuración de las desigualdades sociales en el mercado de trabajo son muy parecidos, así como la tipificación de los segmentos de empleo (López-Roldán y Fachelli, 2019Fachelli, , 2021.…”

Section: Conclusionesunclassified

“…), oportunidades, prestigio o poder, a través de mecanismos que dependen de ciertos rasgos sociales (clase, género, raza, etnia, edad, etc. ), estableciendo las bases de los sistemas de estratificación social institucionalizados (López-Roldán y Fachelli, 2021). En este sentido, Lenski (1966) afirma que la esencia de la estratificación es el estudio de la distribución en la sociedad de bienes, servicios, posición y poder; y Kerbo (2012) ve la desigualdad como la condición por la cual las personas tienen acceso desigual a los recursos, servicios y posiciones que la sociedad valora.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Propuesta de construcción de dos indicadores compuestos de estratificación social. Análisis comparado entre España y Argentina

Fachelli¹,

López-Roldán²

2022

EMP

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Este artículo formula una propuesta de construcción de dos indicadores compuestos de desigualdad social destinados al análisis comparado de la estratificación social entre España y Argentina como resultado de diversos avances de investigación comparada realizados en diferentes proyectos a lo largo de los últimos años. Se adopta una perspectiva teórica multidimensional sobre la estratificación social y se operativiza un modelo de análisis para el estudio comparado entre ambos países que incorpora la dimensión de género, que reduce el sesgo de cobertura al seleccionar a toda la sociedad y que toma en cuenta como unidad de análisis el hogar, evitando así el desmembramiento poblacional. Planteamos como hipótesis que ambos países conservan patrones generales similares en términos de estratificación social que estructuran las desigualdades sociales de los hogares. Pero si bien los patrones de estructuración son comunes los niveles de desigualdad que comportan se acentúan en el caso de Argentina. Entendemos además que esos niveles se reproducen tanto al considerar el conjunto de la sociedad como al tratar tan solo los hogares con población ocupada. Para dar cuenta de la hipótesis el artículo presenta dos estrategias que buscan obtener dos medidas de estratificación social como indicadores compuestos. Por un lado, siguiendo la metodología de construcción tipológica que denominamos como estructural y articulada donde buscamos obtener una medida cualitativa a través de una tipología de estratificación social (TES). Por otro lado, y en el contexto de esta metodología, proponemos generar un indicador compuesto alternativo que mida con una variable cuantitativa las desigualdades a través de un índice de estratificación social (IES). En ambos casos el objetivo último consiste en utilizar estas medidas en el estudio comparativo de la estratificación social a través del tiempo y el espacio. En el artículo se comparan España y Argentina con datos seccionales referidos al año 2018 donde se corrobora parcialmente la hipótesis planteada. This paper formulates a proposal for the construction of two composite indicators of social inequality intended for the comparative analysis of the social stratification between Spain and Argentina as a result of various comparative research advances carried out in different projects over the last few years. A multidimensional theoretical perspective on social stratification is adopted and an analysis model for comparative study between the two countries is implemented, which incorporates the gender dimension, which reduces coverage bias selecting the entire society and which takes into account household as an analysis unit, thus avoiding population dismemberment. We hypothesize that both countries maintain similar general patterns in terms of social stratification that structure the social inequalities of households. Although structuring patterns are common, the levels of inequality they entail are accentuated in the case of Argentina. We also understand that these levels are reproduced both when whole of society is taken into account and when only households with an employed population are considered. To account for the hypothesis, the article presents two strategies that seek to obtain two measures of social stratification as composite indicators. On the one hand, following the typological construction methodology that we call structural and articulated, where we seek to obtain a qualitative measure through a Typology of Social Stratification (TSS). On the other hand, and in the context of this methodology, we propose to generate an alternative composite indicator that measures inequalities with a quantitative variable through a Social Stratification Index (SSI). In both cases, the ultimate objective is to use these measures in the comparative study of social stratification over time and through space. In this paper, Spain and Argentina are compared with 2018 sectional data and the hypothesis is partially corroborated.

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“…Finland and Brazil are examples of countries with such sociocultural discrepancies. Finland has one of the closest levels of gender equality [ 22 ], low inequality between different socioeconomic classes [ 23 ], and similar living conditions of its population. Brazil, on the other hand, has high inequality and different living conditions among different sociodemographic groups [ 22 , 23 ], which affects access to health treatments, especially aesthetic dental treatment, since it is provided in the private sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aesthetic dental treatment, orofacial appearance, and life satisfaction of Finnish and Brazilian adults

Campos

Marôco

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Aims To study the probability of seeking/undergoing aesthetic dental treatment (ADT) and compare self-perception of orofacial appearance (OA) based on sex, age, and monthly income; and to estimate the impact of OA on life satisfaction (LS) among Finnish and Brazilian adults, considering the indirect effect of receiving ADT and the moderating effects of those sociodemographic variables. Methods This was an online cross-sectional study. Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES), Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were used. Probability of seeking/receiving ADT was calculated using logistic regression and odds ratio (OR). OA scores were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics (ANOVA, α = 5%). Structural equations models estimated the impact of OA on LS. Results 3,614 Finns [75.1% female, 32.0 (SD = 11.6) years] and 3,979 Brazilians [69.9% female, 33.0 (SD = 11.3) years] participated in the study. Women were more likely to receive ADT than men in both countries (OR>1.3). However, no statistically or practical significant differences were observed in OA between sexes (p>0.05 or p<0.05, ηp2 = 0.00–0.02). In Finland, demand for ADT (OR = 0.9–1.0) and OA scores (p>0.05) were the same among different ages and monthly income. In Brazil, younger individuals (OR>1.6) and those with higher monthly income (OR>2.7) were more likely to receive ADT, while those with lower income had a greater psychosocial impact of OA (p<0.05; ηp2>0.07). Individuals who were more satisfied with their own OA and had less psychosocial impact from OA had higher levels of LS (β = 0.31–0.34; p<0.01; explained variance: 9.8–13.1%). Conclusion Demand for ADT is influenced by sociodemographic and cultural factors. Greater societal pressure on physical appearance is observed among women in Western countries. In countries with high socioeconomic inequalities, consumerism and social prestige are involved in this demand. Self-perception of orofacial appearance plays a significant role in individuals’ subjective well-being. Therefore, the planning of aesthetic treatments in the orofacial region should consider the patient’s perceptions and social context.

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A General Model for the Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities Between Europe and Latin America

Cited by 11 publications

References 57 publications

Joint effects of shared and transformational leadership on performance in street‐level bureaucracies: Evidence from the educational sector

Joint effects of shared and transformational leadership on performance in street‐level bureaucracies: Evidence from the educational sector

Propuesta de construcción de dos indicadores compuestos de estratificación social. Análisis comparado entre España y Argentina

Aesthetic dental treatment, orofacial appearance, and life satisfaction of Finnish and Brazilian adults

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