A general model of paraglacial landscape response

Ballantyne, Colin K.

doi:10.1191/0959683602hl553fa

Cited by 261 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“… Taludes y conos de derrubios activos: asociados a una moderada crioclastia en torno a las paredes fracturadas de cuarcitas más elevadas y con un grado de actividad mucho mayor que en el mantenido por este mismo tipo de morfologías por debajo de los 1.500 m. Los taludes de derrubios son una de las formas más comunes de las montañas y el más representativo de la alta montaña templada con dinámica periglacial. Los taludes y conos de derrubios en la alta montaña están relacionados con ambientes paraglaciares, que favorecen la inestabilidad e implica elevadas tasas de erosión y transferencia de sedimentos, determinados por la deglaciación y por la relajación derivada de la liberación de la tensión de hielo en los circos y paredes, de modo que se desarrolla una fase de caída de rocas y desprendimientos posterior a la deglaciación (BALLANTYNE, 2002). Tras esta fase, que en la sierra de Cebolleda está acompañada también de deslizamientos de ladera en los circos (FIGURA 9A), son los procesos de crioclastia y nivación los que mantienen activos, hasta la actualidad, los taludes y conos de derrubios (FIGURA 8, 9A y 9B).…”

Section: Figura 8 Morfologías Nivoperiglaciares En El Circo Norte Deunclassified

Periglaciarismo en la divisoria cantábrica: la Sierra de Cebolleda

Lende¹,

Cañadas²,

García³

et al. 2016

Polígonos

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RESUMEN: La Sierra de Cebolleda forma un cordal de orientación E-W inserto en la divisoria de aguas cantábrica y localizada al sur del macizo occidental de Picos de Europa. El propósito fundamental del estudio es el análisis de la importancia del periglaciarismo presente y pasado en una sierra de mediana altitud de las montañas cantábricas (Gildar, 2.074 m; Cebolleda, 2.054 m y Gabanceda, 2.042 m; como máximas cotas). Para subrayar la importancia de la morfogénesis periglaciar en el paisaje actual de la sierra de Cebolleda, presentamos las diferentes morfologías asociadas a ello, el diferente grado de actividad que conservan y su importancia en la reconstrucción paleoambiental de estas montañas. Para ello se ha partido de la elaboración de un mapa geomorfológico, como herramienta esencial de análisis y conocimiento de la distribución de formas y procesos, en el que se recogen todas las morfologías inventariadas; y se han distinguido entre las morfologías periglaciares heredadas y las activas en la actualidad, resaltando fundamentalmente las altitudes, la exposición y los ambientes concretos en los que se encuentran. De entre las morfologías heredadas destacan glaciares rocosos relictos con frentes localizados a cotas superiores a los 1.600 m; siendo a partir de los 1.800 m donde de forma nítida, aunque en un piso morfogenético muy reducido, se dan morfologías más relacionadas con dinámicas nivoperiglaciares. En todas ellas, tanto en formas y procesos heredados como en las activas, se destaca una fuerte disimetría norte-sur, siendo mucho más representativas en las exposiciones septentrionales.

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Section: Figura 8 Morfologías Nivoperiglaciares En El Circo Norte Deunclassified

Periglaciarismo en la divisoria cantábrica: la Sierra de Cebolleda

Lende¹,

Cañadas²,

García³

et al. 2016

Polígonos

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“…The processes are particularly evident in the proglacial zone, where rapid glacier retreat results in the development of transitional conditions, frequently described as the paraglacial zone [2][3][4][5]. The transition is well visible in all sedimentation environments both in the terminoglacial and extraglacial zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The analysis of the parameter permitted tracing changes in lateral migration of the channel. A new channel geometry index was also proposed, namely 'changes of bedrock top' [m 2 ; %], covering the cross-sectional area between the profile of the channel bottom and ordinates of the rectangular coordinate system. After the normalisation of ordinates, the discussed index permits quantitative and qualitative comparison of the balance of the scour or aggradation of the channel bottom, which indirectly allows for the determination of the trend of changes in the channel-bottom morphology.…”

Section: Determination Of Streambank Erosion Indices and Widening Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Meteorological Patterns on the Intensity of Streambank Erosion in a Proglacial Gravel-Bed River (Spitsbergen)

Kociuba

Janicki

2018

Water

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Lower parts of proglacial rivers are commonly assumed to be characterised by a multiannual aggradation trend, and streambank erosion is considered to occur rarely and locally. In the years 2009-2013, detailed measurements of channel processes were performed in the Scott River (SW Spitsbergen). More than 60% of its surface area (10 km 2 ) occupies non-glaciated valleys. Since the end of the Little Ice Age, the Scott Glacier has been subject to intensive retreat, resulting in the expansion of the terminoglacial and paraglacial zones. In this area, the Scott River develops an alluvial valley with a proglacial river, which has led to a comparatively low rate of fluvial transport, dominance of suspension over bedload, and the occurrence of various channel patterns. Measurements, performed in the lower course of the valley in two fixed cross-sections of the Scott River channel, document variable annual tendencies with a prevalence of scour over deposition processes in the channel bottom. The balance of scour and fill also differs in particular measurement cross-sections and during the summer season. The maximum erosion indices (1.7 m 2 ) were related to single periods of floods with snow-glacier melt and rainfall origin. The contribution of streambank erosion was usually lower than that of deep erosion both in the annual cycle and during extreme events. The channel-widening index also suggests variable annual (from −1 m to +1 m) and inter-annual tendencies. During a three-day flood from August 2013, in a measurement profile at the mouth of the river, the NNW bank was laterally shifted by as much as 3 m. Annual and inter-seasonal indices of total channel erosion, however, show that changes in the channel-bottom morphology are equalised relatively fast, and in terms of balance the changes usually do not exceed 0.5% of a cross section's area.

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“…It is unlikely that exhaustion of sediment sources occurred (Ballantyne, 2002). Evans (1997b) shows an increasing sediment yield at Glacier Lake, which likely intercepted material that otherwise would have been deposited in Lake of the Woods.…”

Section: Mesothermic Interval (8000-5000 Cal Bp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Holocene Climatic Change and Landscape Response at Cathedral Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada

Heinrichs

Evans

Hebda

et al. 2006

gpq

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Environmental sensitivity to temperature change was established by comparing pollen, plant macrofossils, macroscopic charcoal, and sediment yield data from Lake of the Woods, Cathedral Provincial Park in the Cascade Mountains of southern British Columbia, Canada, to an independent record of midge-inferred paleotemperature. Steppe vegetation with some spruce and fir occurred initially, developing into pine forests in the warm early Holocene. These forests burned often, preventing spruce and fir succession. Once established, the forests retained an Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir character. After 8000 cal BP, in warm but wetter conditions, the forest contained less pine and fires burned less frequently. About 4000 cal BP, cooler temperatures resulted in closure of the Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir forests and a further reduction in fire frequency. Sediment yield results suggest a stable environment throughout the Holocene, likely due to sediment trapping in two upstream lakes. Midge-inferred temperatures correspond closely with a consensus reconstruction of temperatures from southern British Columbia, however Cathedral Provincial Park terrestrial ecosystems were not as sensitive to past climate change when compared to other nearby Engelmann Spruce-Subalpine Fir sites.La sensibilité de l’environnement de Lake of the Woods (montagnes Cascades, parc provincial Cathedral, sud de la Colombie-Britannique) face au changement de température de l’Holocène a été établie en mettant en parallèle les données locales de pollen, de macrofossiles de plantes, de charbon de bois macroscopique et d’apports sédimentaires à des données indépendantes provenant d’une banque de paléotempératures déduites à partir de l’étude de moucherons. La végétation de steppe comportant quelques épinettes et sapins qui s’est initialement établie a fait place à des forêts de pins, sous l’influence du climat plus chaud du début de l’Holocène. Ces forêts étaient soumises à de fréquents feux, qui ont entravé la succession des épinettes et des sapins. Une fois établies, celles-ci ont conservé les caractéristiques de la pessière d’Engelmann-sapinière subalpine. Après 8000 BP (années étalonnées), en raison de l’existence de conditions chaudes mais plus humides, la forêt comportait moins de pins et de sapins et les feux y étaient moins fréquents. Vers 4000 ans BP, des températures plus froides ont entraîné la disparition de la pessière d’Engelmann-sapinière subalpine et une réduction continue de la fréquence des feux de forêts. Les niveaux d’apports sédimentaires indiquent un environnement stable durant l’Holocène, découlant principalement du trappage des sédiments dans deux lacs situés en amont. Les températures déduites à partir de l’étude de moucherons concordent avec la reconstitution de températures établie à partir d’un consensus pour le sud de la Colombie-Britannique. Il s’avère que les écosystèmes terrestres du parc provincial Cathedral n’ont pas été aussi sensibles aux variations climatiques passées que d’autres pessières d’Engelmann-sapinières subalp...

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A general model of paraglacial landscape response

Cited by 261 publications

References 45 publications

Periglaciarismo en la divisoria cantábrica: la Sierra de Cebolleda

Periglaciarismo en la divisoria cantábrica: la Sierra de Cebolleda

Effect of Meteorological Patterns on the Intensity of Streambank Erosion in a Proglacial Gravel-Bed River (Spitsbergen)

Holocene Climatic Change and Landscape Response at Cathedral Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada

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