A general Monte Carlo simulation of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers—I

Vincze, László; Janssen, K.T.F.; Adams, Fred C.

doi:10.1016/0584-8547(93)80060-8

Cited by 92 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Spectrum evaluation was performed with the AXIL software package (Espen et al 1977;Grieken and Markowicz 1993). A fundamental-parameter approach was used to compute element concentrations (Vincze et al 1993). The sample-specific variables thickness, density and major element concentration were used as input for the simulation procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature and salinity on the trace element incorporation into statoliths of the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)

et al. 2007

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The use of statolith chemistry to trace migration pathways and distinguish populations of cephalopods is based on the assumption that the elemental composition of statoliths is influenced by physicochemical properties of the ambient environment. However, such influences have not been investigated experimentally up until now. This study presents the first microchemical analyses of cephalopod statoliths obtained from laboratory experiments under different controlled temperature and salinity conditions. Our results show that statolith chemical composition is strongly related to both salinity and temperature in ambient waters. The Ba/Ca ratio is negatively related to temperature and shows no relation to salinity. The I/Ca ratio is positively related to temperature and negatively to salinity. No Sr/Ca relation was found to either salinity or temperature, suggesting that the well-established proxy strontium is not as useful in cephalopod statoliths as in other biomineralized aragonites. Microanalysis of trace elements, however, shows an enormous potential for field studies on distribution, migration and stock separation of cephalopods. Furthermore, Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Analysis is introduced as a promising novel method for statolith analysis, providing a spatial resolution of typically 10-15 lm combined with detection limits down to 0.5 ppm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature and salinity on the trace element incorporation into statoliths of the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)

et al. 2007

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“…For this purpose, two fast Monte Carlo codes have been developed for this kind of application in order to simulate a good quality spectrum in a couple of minutes, the same order of time required by the measurements [8][9][10][11][12]. Both of them are based on a constantly updated X-ray database, called Xraylib [13,14].…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy/Monte Carlo simulation approach for the non-destructive analysis of corrosion patina-bearing alloys in archaeological bronzes: The case of the bowl from the Fareleira 3 site (Vidigueira, South Portugal)

Bottaini

Mirão

Figuereido³

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) is a well-known technique for non-destructive and in situ analysis of archaeological artifacts both in terms of the qualitative and quantitative elemental composition because of its rapidity and non-destructiveness. In this study EDXRF and realistic Monte Carlo simulation using the X-ray Monte Carlo (XRMC) code package have been combined to characterize a Cu-based bowl from the Iron Age burial from Fareleira 3 (Southern Portugal). The artifact displays a multilayered structure made up of three distinct layers: a) alloy substrate; b) green oxidized corrosion patina; and c) brownish carbonate soil-derived crust. To assess the reliability of Monte Carlo simulation in reproducing the composition of the bulk metal of the objects without recurring to potentially damaging patina's and crust's removal, portable EDXRF analysis was performed on cleaned and patina/crust coated areas of the artifact. Patina has been characterized by micro X-ray Diffractometry (μXRD) and Back-Scattered Scanning Electron Microscopy + Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (BSEM + EDS). Results indicate that the EDXRF/Monte Carlo protocol is well suited when a two-layered model is considered, whereas in areas where the patina + crust surface coating is too thick, X-rays from the alloy substrate are not able to exit the sample.

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“…These efforts require further development and optimization of the existing experimental setup, especially in terms of maximizing the production/detection of gold XRF photons under the given physical limitations. While it could be done entirely by an experimental approach, Monte Carlo (MC) methods are particularly well suited for spectroscopic XRF imaging, 12 capable of producing accurate results even with polychromatic x-ray spectra and heterogeneous geometries, 13 and would be useful for streamlining further optimization efforts. For example, a well-validated MC model of our experimental XFCT setup would enable proper tailoring (or quasimonochromatization) of the incident polychromatic x-ray spectrum (one of the major challenges associated with benchtop XFCT) in a much more efficient manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving x‐ray fluorescence signal for benchtop polychromatic cone‐beam x‐ray fluorescence computed tomography by incident x‐ray spectrum optimization: A Monte Carlo study

2014

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Purpose: To develop an accurate and comprehensive Monte Carlo (MC) model of an experimental benchtop polychromatic cone-beam x-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) setup and apply this MC model to optimize incident x-ray spectrum for improving production/detection of x-ray fluorescence photons from gold nanoparticles (GNPs). Methods: A detailed MC model, based on an experimental XFCT system, was created using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) transport code. The model was validated by comparing MC results including x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scatter photon spectra with measured data obtained under identical conditions using 105 kVp cone-beam x-rays filtered by either 1 mm of lead (Pb) or 0.9 mm of tin (Sn). After validation, the model was used to investigate the effects of additional filtration of the incident beam with Pb and Sn. Supplementary incident x-ray spectra, representing heavier filtration (Pb: 2 and 3 mm; Sn: 1, 2, and 3 mm) were computationally generated and used with the model to obtain XRF/scatter spectra. Quasimonochromatic incident x-ray spectra (81, 85, 90, 95, and 100 keV with 10 keV full width at half maximum) were also investigated to determine the ideal energy for distinguishing gold XRF signal from the scatter background. Fluorescence signal-to-dose ratio (FSDR) and fluorescence-normalized scan time (FNST) were used as metrics to assess results. Results: Calculated XRF/scatter spectra for 1-mm Pb and 0.9-mm Sn filters matched (r ≥ 0.996) experimental measurements. Calculated spectra representing additional filtration for both filter materials showed that the spectral hardening improved the FSDR at the expense of requiring a much longer FNST. In general, using Sn instead of Pb, at a given filter thickness, allowed an increase of up to 20% in FSDR, more prominent gold XRF peaks, and up to an order of magnitude decrease in FNST. Simulations using quasimonochromatic spectra suggested that increasing source x-ray energy, in the investigated range of 81-100 keV, increased the FSDR up to a factor of 20, compared to 1 mm Pb, and further facilitated separation of gold XRF peaks from the scatter background. Conclusions: A detailed MC model of an experimental benchtop XFCT system has been developed and validated. In exemplary calculations to illustrate the usefulness of this model, it was shown that potential use of quasimonochromatic spectra or judicious choice of filter material/thickness to tailor the spectrum of a polychromatic x-ray source can significantly improve the performance of benchtop XFCT, while considering trade-offs between FSDR and FNST. As demonstrated, the current MC model is a reliable and powerful computational tool that can greatly expedite the further development of a benchtop XFCT system for routine preclinical molecular imaging with GNPs and other metal probes. C

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A general Monte Carlo simulation of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers—I

Cited by 92 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of temperature and salinity on the trace element incorporation into statoliths of the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)

Influence of temperature and salinity on the trace element incorporation into statoliths of the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis)

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy/Monte Carlo simulation approach for the non-destructive analysis of corrosion patina-bearing alloys in archaeological bronzes: The case of the bowl from the Fareleira 3 site (Vidigueira, South Portugal)

Improving x‐ray fluorescence signal for benchtop polychromatic cone‐beam x‐ray fluorescence computed tomography by incident x‐ray spectrum optimization: A Monte Carlo study

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