A general nonlinear analysis of concrete structures and comparison with frame tests

On materially and geometrically non-linear analysis of reinforced concrete planar frames

“…In contrast, a lot less publications can be found which consider both geometric and material non-linearity, see, e.g. the paper by El-Metwally et al (1990) on the stability of a reinforced concrete column, or Carol and Murcia (1989), Gunnin et al (1977), and Mendis and Darvall (1988).…”

“…As we can see, the results agree nicely. The numerical solution of Gunnin et al (1977) is also displayed. Their solution is rather imprecise, which may be due to an insufficiently accurate modelling of the geometric non-linearity by the 'P -D method'.…”

“…The results of the test were presented by Gunnin et al (1977). The geometry of cross-sections of columns and beams of the frame along with material data for concrete and steel (f cm , f y , E s ) as offered by Gunnin et al (1977) are displayed in Fig.…”

“…8. The remaining material parameters needed for our analysis but not stated in Gunnin et al (1977) are estimated on the basis of the given strengths of concrete and steel, and EC 2. They are: elastic modulus of concrete, E cm ¼ 2800 kN/cm 2 ; peak and ultimate compression strains of concrete, D c1 ¼ À1:85‰ and D cu ¼ À3:5‰; hardening modulus of steel, E p ¼ 0 kN/cm 2 (no strain-hardening), and its ultimate strains D y2 ¼ D yu ¼ 20‰ (no strain-softening).…”

Convergence properties of materially and geometrically non-linear finite-element spatial beam analysis

“…On the other hand, the strains can also be obtained from displacements and rotations and are thus related to the kinematic vectors, see Eqs. (5)- (6). These strains are called the kinematic strains.…”