A General Population Survey of Rest Cramps

Naylor, J. R.; Young, J. B.

doi:10.1093/ageing/23.5.418

Cited by 115 publications

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“…Studies show that nocturnal leg cramps are frequent in elderly people and equally prevalent in men and women. Results suggest that there is co-morbidity between leg cramps and medical and neurological diseases, including periodic limb movement, diabetes and peripheral vascular disease (37)(38)(39). Nocturnal leg cramps are also associated with intake of alcohol, medications and blood levels of thyroid hormones, urea, creatinine, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and glucose (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep habits and complaints of adults in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1987 and 1995

Pires¹,

Benedito-Silva²,

Mello³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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This study compares the prevalence of complaints of insomnia, excessive diurnal sleepiness, parasomnias, and sleep habits of the adult population in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, estimated in surveys carried out in 1987 and 1995. Representative samples of 1000 adult residents per survey were interviewed using a validated structured sleep questionnaire, the "UNIFESP Sleep Questionnaire". Difficulty maintaining sleep, difficulty initiating sleep and early morning awakening, occurring at least three times a week, were reported in 1987 and 1995, by 15.8/27.6, 13.9/19.1, and 10.6/14.2% of the interviewees, respectively, significantly increasing throughout time. These sleep problems were more often found among women. Frequencies of excessive diurnal sleepiness and sleep attacks were unchanged comparing 1987 with 1995 (4.5 vs 3.8 and 3.1 vs 3.0%, respectively). Parasomnia complaints remained unchanged, with the exception of leg cramps, which doubled in prevalence from 1987 to 1995 (2.6 to 5.8%). Snoring was the most common parasomnia (21.5% in 1995), reported more often by men than by women, and somnambulism was the least common (approximately 1%). Besides sleeping slightly less, interviewees went to bed and woke up later in 1995. Approximately 12% of the subjects in both surveys had consulted a physician due to sleep problems and 3.0% reported habitual use of sleep-promoting substances in 1995. Overall, there was a significant increase in insomnia complaints from 1987 to 1995 in the general population of the city of São Paulo. This major change over a little under a decade should be considered as an important public health issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep habits and complaints of adults in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1987 and 1995

Pires¹,

Benedito-Silva²,

Mello³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…Participants who identified the particular movements that induced cramp described plantarflexion of the ankle joint as the trigger. 8 In the present study several patients (2,4,8,9, and 11) complained that they adopted an uncomfortable posture to avoid this movement for fear of calf cramps, and this physical strain may interrupt the initiation of sleep. Recent studies suggest that sleep fragmentation may be more critical to chronic pain than the quantity of sleep.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Five subjects had MTrP injection only once at T0 because they reported sufficient improvement of symptoms and they did not want additional treatment at T2. Five patients (2,4,8,9, and 11) reported that they were afraid to tense up their legs for fear of calf cramps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In most subjects (73%) the cramps occur only at night; 20% of patients report cramps during the day and night, and 7% have only daytime cramps. 9 The etiology of nocturnal leg cramps is unclear, but diseases, including neuromuscular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypocalcemia, and peripheral vascular disease, and medications, such as oral contraceptives, diuretics, and steroids, are reported to predispose people to nocturnal leg cramps. 1,3 Cramps are generally a benign and transient problem.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Myofascial Trigger Point Injections on Nocturnal Calf Cramps

Kim

Yoon

2015

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Background: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of injection at trigger points on pain and sleep disturbance in patients with nocturnal calf cramps (NCCs).Methods: Patients with NCCs that occurred at least once per week and who had myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) on the gastrocnemius muscles were enrolled in the study for 9 months. At the first visit (T0), we measured the intensity of NCC pain on an 11-point numeric rating scale, recorded the frequency of NCCs, and calculated the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). We then checked for MTrPs on the gastrocnemius muscles and injected 1-2 mL of 0.25% lidocaine into each of the trigger points. At 1 (T1), 2 (T2), and 4 (T3) weeks after the first visit, we repeated the process performed at T0.Results: Twelve patients completed the treatment schedule and attended the follow-up visits. Mean values of the numeric rating scale pain score, frequency of cramps, and ISI declined significantly at T1, T2, and T3 compared with baseline (all P < .01). Of 12 patients, 10 had clinical insomnia before treatment, and this number decreased significantly to 3 patients at T2 and 1 patient at T3 (P ‫؍‬ .012 and P ‫؍‬ .001, respectively).Conclusions: These preliminary data show that injection at MTrPs in patients with NCCs not only alleviated pain and reduced the frequency of cramps but also lessened the severity of insomnia as measured by the ISI. A larger randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm these findings and determine whether the effect lasts over the long term. (J Am Board Fam Med 2015;28:21-27.)

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“…D uring th e tre a tm e n t period, participants were randomly assigned 300 mg daily dose of hydroquinine hydrobromide dihydrate (54 participants) or placebo (58). The frequency, severity (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), duration, and location of muscle cramps, as well as any side-effects, were recorded by participants in daily diaries. The primary outcome measures were the number of muscle cramps and the number of days during which the participants had muscle cramps (cramp-days).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomised controlled trial of hydroquinine in muscle cramps

Jansen

Veenhuizen²,

Wesseling³

et al. 1997

The Lancet

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of the risk of gynaecomastia associated with cimetidine, omeprazole and other antiulccr medications. BM J 1994; 308: 503-06. Jick H, Jick SS, Gurewich V, Myers MW, Vasilakis C. Risk of idiopathic cardiovascular death and nonfatal venous thromboembolism in women using oral contraceptives with differing progestagen components. Lancet 1995; 346: 1589-93. Methods This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial consisted of three consecutive 2-week periods: qualification, treatment, and washout. 68 women and 44 men who had at least three muscie cramps per week w ere e n ro lle d . D uring th e tre a tm e n t period, participants were randomly assigned 300 mg daily dose of hydroquinine hydrobromide dihydrate (54 participants) or placebo (58). The frequency, severity (1-10), duration, and location of muscle cramps, as well as any side-effects, were recorded by participants in daily diaries. The primary outcome measures were the number of muscle cramps and the number of days during which the participants had muscle cramps (cramp-days).Findings We excluded five participants from both groups from the analysis. Thus, data from 49 hydroqulnine-group p a rticip a n ts and 53 placebo-group p a rtic ip a n ts were analysed. In both groups the to ta l number of muscle cramps and the number of cramp-days decreased during the tre a tm e n t period compared w ith the qualification period. However, these improvements were greater in the hydroquinine group th a n in th e placebo group. The Correspondence to: Prof A L M Verbeek hydroquinine-group participants reported a median of 8 (95% Cl 7-12) fewer cramps and median of 3 (1-4) fewer cramp-days, whereas those on placebo reported only 3 (0-5) fewer cramps and 1 (0-5) fewer cramp-days. 32 (65%) of participants in the hydroquinine group had a 50% or greater reduction in the number of muscle cramps. After the onset of cramps, hydroquinine did not reduce the severity or duration of cramps. We also found a sustained effect after treatment had stopped. Hydroquinine was well tolerated, and resulted in only mild side-effects. InterpretationIn our study, 300 mg hydroquinine was safe to take in the short-term and significantly more effective than placebo in the prevention of frequent, ordinary muscle cramps. This therapeutic effect outlasted the duration of treatment.

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A General Population Survey of Rest Cramps

Cited by 115 publications

References 0 publications

Sleep habits and complaints of adults in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1987 and 1995

Sleep habits and complaints of adults in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in 1987 and 1995

The Effects of Myofascial Trigger Point Injections on Nocturnal Calf Cramps

Randomised controlled trial of hydroquinine in muscle cramps

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