A general rate model approach for the optimization of the core radius fraction for multicomponent isocratic elution in preparative nonlinear liquid chromatography using cored beads

Linear general rate model of chromatography for core–shell particles: Analytical solutions and moment analysis

“…Non-porous beads completely eliminate intraparticle diffusion, providing sharp elution peaks with the shortest retention times, see Lee (1997), Rissler (2000), Xiang et al (2003), Fekete et al (2010), and Gu et al (2011). However, they do not provide a sufficient retention time range for separation in preparative LC due to their limited binding capacities, see Kirkland et al (2000) and Miyabe (2008).…”

“…For a particular multi-component separation problem, core radius fraction could be optimized to take the benefits of both non-porous beads and fully porous beads, see e.g. Gu et al (2011). Cored beads could form a narrow particle size distribution of perfectly spherical particles using suitable cores such as borosilica beads, see e.g.…”

Modeling of Liquid Chromatography with Cored Beads

“…(9.4), must be discretized differently because now the particle center γ starts at the core surface (R core ) rather than the center of the particle. Gu et al [6] used the following approach. The orthogonal collocation method is used to discretize the first-and second-order c pi derivatives with respect to γ in Eq.…”

“…Gu et al also demonstrated the advantages of cored beads with a ternary elution example. They showed that even when β reached 0.99 (very thin shell), baseline separation could still be achieved if the sample size was τ imp ¼ 0.01 that is too small for preparative LC [6]. This provided theoretical proof that cored beads can be used in fast analytical LC (small τ imp ), which has been practiced in the form of fusedcore beads [15].…”

“…Cored beads are also known as pellicular beads [3][4][5][6] and superficially porous beads [7] with an inert impenetrable solid core to block fluids. A heavy silica or stainless steel core may be used to achieve this objective.…”