A General Strategy for Development of Activatable NIR‐II Fluorescent Probes for In Vivo High‐Contrast Bioimaging

Ren, Tian‐Bing; Wang, Zhiyao; Xiang, Zhen; Peng, Lu; Lai, Huan‐Hua; Yuan, Lin; Zhang, Xiaobing; Tan, Weihong

doi:10.1002/ange.202009986

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The low E g will result in a bathochromic shift of their absorbance and fluorescence bands, thereby pushing the fluorescence wavelength to the NIR-II region or even further. 65 , 66 …”

Section: Design Principles and Common Cores For Small Molecular Nir-ii Fluorophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Molecular NIR-II Fluorophores for Cancer Phototheranostics

et al. 2021

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Summary Phototheranostics integrates deep-tissue imaging with phototherapy (containing photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy), holding great promise in early diagnosis and precision treatment of cancers. Recently, second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging exhibits the merits of high accuracy and specificity, as well as real-time detection. Among the NIR-II fluorophores, organic small molecular fluorophores have shown superior properties in the biocompatibility, variable structure, and tunable emission wavelength than the inorganic NIR-II materials. What's more, some small molecular fluorophores also display excellent cytotoxicity when illuminated with the NIR laser. This review summarizes the progress of small molecular NIR-II fluorophores with different central cores for cancer phototheranostics in the past few years, focusing on the molecular structures and phototheranostic performances. Furthermore, challenges and prospects of future development toward clinical translation are discussed.

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“…The low E g will result in a bathochromic shift of their absorbance and fluorescence bands, thereby pushing the fluorescence wavelength to the NIR-II region or even further. 65 , 66 …”

Section: Design Principles and Common Cores For Small Molecular Nir-ii Fluorophoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Molecular NIR-II Fluorophores for Cancer Phototheranostics

et al. 2021

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“…Current fabrication of NIR‐II AFPs is mainly centered on NIR‐II fluorophores including rare earth‐doped nanoparticles (RENPs), [32–35] quantum dots (QDs), [26,36–39] single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), [40–42] small molecule dyes, [16,43–46] conjugated polymers [47–50] and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) [51–53] . In this section, the representative design and application of currently available NIR‐II fluorophores are introduced.…”

Section: Nir‐ii Materials (Fluorophores)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…reported a polymethine dye 5H5 withwide absorption spectrum and emission spectrum for NIR‐IIa bioimaging, which greatly improved the resolution and SBR of blood vessel and tumor imaging [46] . Recently, Zhang's group constructed new polymethine dyes–NIRII‐RTs, which have excellent NIR‐II luminescence properties such as high quantum yield, good resistance to solvent quenching and large Stokes shifts [16] . The synthesized dyes could availably fabricate NIR‐II AFPs for biomedical imaging.…”

Section: Nir‐ii Materials (Fluorophores)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with NIR‐I window fluorescence imaging, newly emerging NIR‐II fluorescence imaging technique with longer wavelength (1000–1700 nm) vastly reduces autofluorescence of tissues, photon scattering and absorption, and provides lower background noise and unprecedented penetration depth, which exhibits tremendous potential in fluorescence biosensing and bioimaging for disease diagnostic (Figure 1). [11,15,16] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activatable NIR‐II Fluorescent Probes Applied in Biomedicine: Progress and Perspectives

et al. 2021

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With the advantage of inherent responsiveness that can change the spectroscopic signals from “off” to “on” state in responding to targets (e. g. biological analytes/microenvironmental factors), activatable fluorescent probes have attracted extensive attention and made significant progress in the field of bioimaging and biosensing. Due to the high depth of tissue penetration, minimal tissue damage and negligible background signal at longer wavelengths, the development of second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) fluorescent materials provides a new opportunity to develop activable fluorescent probes. Here, we summarized properties, advantages and disadvantages of mainly NIR‐II fluorophores (such as rare earth‐doped nanoparticles, quantum dots, single‐walled carbon nanotubes, small molecule dyes, conjugated polymers and gold nanoclusters), then overviewed current role and development of activatable NIR‐II fluorescent probes (AFPs) for biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging and therapeutic. The potential challenges and perspectives of AFPs in deep‐tissue imaging and clinical application are also discussed.

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“…Fluorescence imaging technology has become a powerful tool for in situ and real-time visualization of biologically active molecules at the cellular and in vivo levels due to its high sensitivity and high spatial–temporal resolution. − Two-photon fluorescence imaging technology possesses a deeper penetration depth and lesser photodamage, which are more suitable for brain imaging . Moreover, two-photon microscopy involves the localization of excitation favorable for simultaneous multichannel detection in the same region with single near-infrared excitation. , Until now, researchers have developed various fluorescent probes for the detection of MDA or FA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Janus-Faced Fluorescence Imaging Agent for Malondialdehyde and Formaldehyde in Brains

Wang

Liu

et al. 2022

Anal. Chem.

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Carbonyl stress caused by reactive carbonyl species (RCS) is closely related to various brain diseases. As the highly reactive, highly toxic, and lipophilic RCS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and formaldehyde (FA) could easily cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and induce protein dysfunction or cross-linking in the brain. Do MDA and FA coordinately regulate the physio-pathological processes of the brain? To answer the question, first of all, powerful identification and sensing tools are needed. However, competent probes for simultaneously analyzing MDA and FA in living brains are lacking, which originates from the following three challenges: (1) MDA and FA are difficult to distinguish due to their great similarity in structure and reactivity; (2) to achieve simultaneous and discriminable imaging, same excitation and different emissions are preferable; and (3) the detection of MDA and FA in living brains require the materials to pass through the BBB. Thus, we created a two-photon fluorescent agent, TFCH, for MDA/FA. The hydrazine group in TFCH could successfully differentiate MDA/FA at 440/510 nm under same excitation. Moreover, the lipophilic trifluoromethyl group (−CF3) in TFCH prompts it to traverse the BBB, thereby realizing the coinstantaneous visualization of MDA and FA in the living brain. Using TFCH, we observed the excessive production of MDA and FA in living PC12 cells under carbonyl stress and oxidative stress. Notably, for the first time, two-photon fluorescence imaging indicated the synchronous increase of MDA and FA in living brains of mice with depression. Altogether, this work provides a promising tool for revealing the carbonyl stress-related molecular mechanism involved in brain diseases.

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A General Strategy for Development of Activatable NIR‐II Fluorescent Probes for In Vivo High‐Contrast Bioimaging

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Small Molecular NIR-II Fluorophores for Cancer Phototheranostics

Small Molecular NIR-II Fluorophores for Cancer Phototheranostics

Activatable NIR‐II Fluorescent Probes Applied in Biomedicine: Progress and Perspectives

Janus-Faced Fluorescence Imaging Agent for Malondialdehyde and Formaldehyde in Brains

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