A General Theory of Aversion Learning<sup>a</sup>

García, John; Lasiter, Phillip S.; Bermúdez-Rattoni, Federico; Deems, Daniel A.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb27060.x

Cited by 355 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We have also demonstrated specific aversion to ingesting peanut or wheat grains in natura in immunized mice [7]. In the theory of aversion learning, Garcia et al [8] relate taste aversion with digestive discomfort. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Induction of Flavour Aversion in Mice. II. Passive/Adoptive Transfer and Pharmacological Inhibition

1997

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Mice immunized with ovalbumin develop a strong aversion to ingesting sweetened egg white dilutions or ovalbumin solutions. In immunized animals, gavage or voluntary ingestion of ovalbumin triggers an increase of vascular permeability in the intestine; pretreatment with a mixture of histamine and serotonin antagonists blocked this reaction, but not the aversion; dexamethasone inhibited both the aversion and the increase in permeability. The aversion was transferred to normal recipient mice with high-titre anti-Ova sera obtained with complete Freund's adjuvant, but not with lower-titre serum pools of mice immunized with the help of Al(OH) 3 adjuvant. However, the aversion was also (adoptively) transferred with whole spleen cells from immune donors. This later condition is inefficient to transfer the formation of high titres of specific antibodies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Induction of Flavour Aversion in Mice. II. Passive/Adoptive Transfer and Pharmacological Inhibition

1997

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“…injection of 2% of body weight of NaCl (0.9%) (control animals) or an i.p. injection of 2% of body weight of a toxic substance inducing nausea (LiCl 0.15 M) (conditioned animals) (Garcia et al, 1985). They were then kept in the test cage for a further hour.…”

Section: Behavioral Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Inhibition-Related Dopaminergic Responses in the Nucleus Accumbens are Disrupted Following Neonatal Transient Inactivation of the Ventral Subiculum

Meyer

Louilot

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Schizophrenia would result from a defective connectivity between several integrative regions as a consequence of neurodevelopmental failure. Various anomalies reminiscent of early brain development disturbances have been observed in patients' left ventral subiculum of the hippocampus (SUB). Numerous data support the hypothesis of a functional dopaminergic dysregulation in schizophrenia. The common target structure for the action of antipsychotics appears to be a subregion of the ventral striatum, the dorsomedial shell part of the nucleus accumbens. Latent inhibition, a cognitive marker of interest for schizophrenia, has been found to be disrupted in acute patients. The present study set out to investigate the consequences of a neonatal functional inactivation of the left SUB by tetrodotoxin (TTX) in 8-day-old rats for the latent inhibition-related dopaminergic responses, as monitored by in vivo voltammetry in freely moving adult animals (11 weeks) in the left core and dorsomedial shell parts of the nucleus accumbens in an olfactory aversion procedure. Results obtained during the retention session of a threestage latent inhibition protocol showed that the postnatal unilateral functional blockade of the SUB was followed in pre-exposed TTXconditioned adult rats by a disruption of the behavioral expression of latent inhibition and induced a total and a partial reversal of the latent inhibition-related dopaminergic responses in the dorsomedial shell and core parts of the nucleus accumbens, respectively. The present data suggest that neonatal inactivation of the SUB has more marked consequences for the dopaminergic responses recorded in the dorsomedial shell part, than in the core part of the nucleus accumbens. These findings may provide new insight into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

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“…Whereas Humphrey's (9) and Hurlbert and Ling's (10,11) hypotheses address an evolutionary time scale (i.e., genetic adaptations across generations resulting in hardwired neural mechanisms), the EVT extends the range of potentially adaptive mechanisms to include individual organisms learning color preferences on an ontogenetic time scale. An analogy to taste preferences is apt: Taste preferences have both an evolutionary component, because some genetic variations in taste are more adaptive than others, and a learned component resulting from experiences that arise from eating various flavored foods that have affectively different outcomes (17). The connection of the EVT to the emotion-based theory of Ou et al (15,16) is that the environmental feedback required for a learning-based heuristic to work for color preferences is provided by the emotional outcomes of color-relevant experiences during a person's lifetime.…”

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confidence: 99%

An ecological valence theory of human color preference

Palmer

Schloss

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

545

778

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Color preference is an important aspect of visual experience, but little is known about why people in general like some colors more than others. Previous research suggested explanations based on biological adaptations [Hurlbert AC, Ling YL (2007) Curr Biol 17:623–625] and color-emotions [Ou L-C, Luo MR, Woodcock A, Wright A (2004) Color Res Appl 29:381–389]. In this article we articulate an ecological valence theory in which color preferences arise from people’s average affective responses to color-associated objects. An empirical test provides strong support for this theory: People like colors strongly associated with objects they like (e.g., blues with clear skies and clean water) and dislike colors strongly associated with objects they dislike (e.g., browns with feces and rotten food). Relative to alternative theories, the ecological valence theory both fits the data better (even with fewer free parameters) and provides a more plausible, comprehensive causal explanation of color preferences.

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A General Theory of Aversion Learning^a

Cited by 355 publications

References 56 publications

Immunological Induction of Flavour Aversion in Mice. II. Passive/Adoptive Transfer and Pharmacological Inhibition

Immunological Induction of Flavour Aversion in Mice. II. Passive/Adoptive Transfer and Pharmacological Inhibition

Latent Inhibition-Related Dopaminergic Responses in the Nucleus Accumbens are Disrupted Following Neonatal Transient Inactivation of the Ventral Subiculum

An ecological valence theory of human color preference

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A General Theory of Aversion Learninga

Cited by 355 publications

References 56 publications

Immunological Induction of Flavour Aversion in Mice. II. Passive/Adoptive Transfer and Pharmacological Inhibition

Immunological Induction of Flavour Aversion in Mice. II. Passive/Adoptive Transfer and Pharmacological Inhibition

Latent Inhibition-Related Dopaminergic Responses in the Nucleus Accumbens are Disrupted Following Neonatal Transient Inactivation of the Ventral Subiculum

An ecological valence theory of human color preference

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A General Theory of Aversion Learning^a