A General Theory of Crime

Gottfredson, Michael R.; Hirschi, Travis

doi:10.1515/9781503621794

Cited by 6,407 publications

(795 citation statements)

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“…The effect of gender differences on individual’s attitude and behavior play an important role toward one’s contact and behavior to corruption and bribery. On the average, females are perceived to be more ethical than males, having greater sensitivity toward ethical issues, lesser tendency to be involved in illegal activities, and better inclination to take action whenever they recognize that there is a questionable business practice done (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990; Glover et al , 2002). Additionally, women are more compliant with the laws, risk-averse, and less tolerant to corruption and bribery (Swamy et al , 2001; Alatas et al , 2009).…”

Section: Main Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

CEO duality and bribery: the roles of gender and national culture

Tuliao

Chen

2017

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cross-cultural impact of CEO-Chair’s gender to the likelihood of CEO duality firm’s bribery. Design/methodology/approach Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze data of 5,837 CEO duality firms from 21 countries. Findings Firms with male CEO-Chairs were found to have higher propensity to bribe than their female counterparts. Moreover, cultural values of institutional collectivism and performance orientation strengthened gender’s impact to bribery. In contrast, future orientation weakened the gender-bribery relationship, as opposed to the proposed effect. Practical implications Key findings of this study can be utilized to increase awareness and widen perspective on the roles of CEO-Chair’s gender and national culture on bribery. These can also be useful in the selection of CEO-Chair, design of educational programs on ethics as well as government and non-governments’ programs and policies to minimize incidents of bribery. Originality/value There are no existing studies on CEO duality firm’s bribery which performed cross-cultural analysis on the impact of CEO-Chair’s gender, making the study a novel contribution to business ethics, organizational structure, corporate governance, management decision, transparency, and accountability.

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Section: Main Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

CEO duality and bribery: the roles of gender and national culture

Tuliao

Chen

2017

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“…Results showed that individual compliance within this setting was shaped by a combination of mechanisms, originating from rational choice theories (i.e., perceived threat, Donovan & Blake, 1992 ; Paternoster & Simpson, 1993 ), legitimacy theories (i.e., moral support for the measures; Tyler, 1997 , 2006 ), capacity theories (i.e., capacity to comply, Darley et al, 2001 ; knowledge of the rules, Van Rooij, 2021 ; self-control, Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ), and opportunity theories (i.e., opportunities for violating the rules, Clarke, 2003 , 2005 ). A first noteworthy observation from our approach is therefore that in this setting, most of the major compliance theories (with the exception of social theories) offered variables that were associated with individual compliance, while none of the theories exclusively explained it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A related aspect of people’s capacity to follow rules is whether they are able to exert self-control, and are able to restrain themselves from breaking rules. Previous criminological findings have shown that high levels of impulsivity predict deviant behavior (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ; Pratt & Cullen, 2000 , 2005 ; Pratt & Lloyd, 2021 ; Vazsonyi et al, 2017 ). Related to this, some people’s capacity to follow the rules may be undermined by negative emotions they experience or develop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Network Approach to Compliance: A Complexity Science Understanding of How Rules Shape Behavior

et al. 2022

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To understand how compliance develops both in everyday and corporate environments, it is crucial to understand how different mechanisms work together to shape individuals’ (non)compliant behavior. Existing compliance studies typically focus on a subset of theories (i.e., rational choice theories, social theories, legitimacy theories, capacity theories, and opportunity theories) to understand how key variables from one or several of these theories shape individual compliance. The present study provides a first integrated understanding of compliance, rooted in complexity science, in which key elements from these theories are considered simultaneously, and their relations to compliance and each other are explored using network analysis. This approach is developed by analyzing online survey data (N = 562) about compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures. Traditional regression analysis shows that elements from nearly all major compliance theories (except for social theories) are associated with compliance. The network analysis revealed groupings and interconnections of variables that did not track the existing compliance theories and point to a complexity overlooked in existing compliance research. These findings demonstrate a fundamentally different perspective on compliance, which moves away from traditional narrow, non-network approaches. Instead, they showcase a complexity science understanding of compliance, in which compliance is understood as a network of interacting variables derived from different theories that interact with compliance. This points to a new research agenda that is oriented on mapping compliance networks, and testing and modelling how regulatory and management interventions interact with each other and compliance within such networks.

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“…To date, theories and research on rational explanations and personal or mental gains from delinquent behavior have focused mainly on men (Akers, 2017; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990; Loughran et al, 2011; Tombs & Jagger, 2006), showing low levels of personal responsibility-taking for antisocial behavior. Rather, the subjects transfer responsibility to external causes or deny committing the offense.…”

Section: Women’s Pathways To Crime: Personal Responsibility-takingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Decision-Making and Responsibility-Taking of Criminal Lifestyle: The Israeli Case

Irit

Abulafia

2022

Criminal Justice and Behavior

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This study aims to investigate patterns of decision-making and responsibility-taking as opposed to the compulsion process selection of a criminal lifestyle among women in prison. A life story approach and semi-structured interviews sampling 30 Israeli women in prison during their first imprisonment were used. Using a mixed-method, results revealed that most of the participants claimed full or partial self-responsibility for having engaged in a criminal lifestyle or for the offense of which they had been convicted. This figure was consistent when the participants were divided by age of first offense or a history of abuse. The results support the need for an integrated approach explaining women’s criminal paths, including gender-specific as well as gender-neutral factors. The conclusion is that responsibility-taking for a criminal act should be one of the factors in intervention programs for women with delinquent behavior, regardless of whether there is a history of victimization or not.

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A General Theory of Crime

Cited by 6,407 publications

References 0 publications

CEO duality and bribery: the roles of gender and national culture

CEO duality and bribery: the roles of gender and national culture

A Network Approach to Compliance: A Complexity Science Understanding of How Rules Shape Behavior

Women Decision-Making and Responsibility-Taking of Criminal Lifestyle: The Israeli Case

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