A general view of pseudoharmonics and pseudoantiharmonics to calculate external arguments of Douady and Hubbard

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

et al. 2013

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The external rays of the Mandelbrot set are a valuable graphic tool in order to study this set. They are drawn using computer programs starting from the Böttcher coordinate. However, the drawing of an external ray cannot be completed because it reaches a point from which the drawing tool cannot continue drawing. This point is influenced by the resolution of the standard for floating-point computation used by the drawing program. The IEEE 754 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic is the most widely used standard for floating-point computation, and we analyze the possibilities of the quadruple 128 bits format of the current IEEE 754-2008 Standard in order to draw external rays. When the drawing is not possible, due to a lack of resolution of this standard, we introduce a method to draw external rays based on the escape lines and Bézier curves.

Section: Sign Mantissamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method to Solve the Limitations in Drawing External Rays of the Mandelbrot Set

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

et al. 2013

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Coupling Patterns of External Arguments in the Multiple‐Spiral Medallions of the Mandelbrot Set

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

et al. 2009

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The multiple-spiral medallions are beautiful decorations situated in the proximity of the small copies of the Mandelbrot set. They are composed by an infinity of babies Mandelbrot sets that have external arguments with known structure. In this paper we study the coupling patterns of the external arguments of the baby Mandelbrot sets in multiple-spiral medallions, that is, how these external arguments are grouped in pairs. Based on our experimental data, we obtain that the canonical nonspiral medallions have a nested pairs pattern, the canonical single-spiral medallions have an adjacent pairs pattern, and we conjecture that the canonical double, triple, quadruple-spiral medallions have a 1-nested/adjacent pairs pattern.

Calculation of the Structure of a Shrub in the Mandelbrot Set

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society

et al. 2011

We calculate the external arguments of the structure of any shrub in the Mandelbrot set. Before calculating, we revise, expand, and clarify some tools useful for this paper: harmonics, pseudoharmonics, the concept of structure, the structure of a shrub, and the ancestral route. Finally we present the main contribution of this paper, a three-step algorithm which allows us to calculate the structure of the shrub. In the first step, we use pseudoharmonics that were previously introduced by us, in order to calculate the first and last external arguments of a structural node. In the second step, starting from two general properties of the Misiurewicz points external arguments introduced here by us, we present a new method to calculate the intermediate external arguments. In the last step we introduce a third property that allows us to calculate the external arguments of the representatives of the branches emerging from the structural nodes.