Cubic equations of state are classical high-pressure models. From a thermodynamic point of view, the term 'high pressure' refers to pressures high enough so as to have a significant effect on the thermodynamic properties of both phases, typically over 15-20 bar. High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) can be more complex than low-pressure VLE, since at high pressures both phases are non-ideal. At low pressures, the main source of non-ideality is the liquid phase. The non-ideality of the vapor phase at low pressures is typically about 10% and it can be estimated by, for example, corresponding states methods or the virial equation. K-charts and the Chao-Seader are popular methods for high-pressure VLE calculations for systems containing hydrocarbons and gases. By far, though, the most popular method is the equations of state, especially the cubic ones. In most cases, high-pressure VLE as found in nature and the chemical industry apply to mixtures with at least one subcritical and one supercritical component. In many oil-and gas-related systems, hydrocarbons are present together with gases (methane, ethane, CO 2 , N 2 , etc.) and sometimes water is also present.The two-and especially the three-parameter cubic equations of state (EoS) represent a family of classical but still very useful and widely applied engineering models. The most well-known EoS are the van der Waals (vdW), Redlich-Kwong (RK) (now mostly of historical value) and especially the Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) and Peng-Robinson (PR) equations; the last two are typically employed in the petroleum and chemical industries. Such cubic EoS are still the primary choice of models today for petrochemicals, gas processing and air separation. 1,2 The most well-known cubic EoS together with the typical expressions often used for estimating their parameters are shown in Table 3.1.With reference to Table 3.1 and the methods shown for the estimation of the EoS parameters: T c is the critical temperature, P c is the critical pressure and T r is the reduced temperature (¼ T=T c ); and the generalization of the energy parameter as a function of temperature and the acentric factor, v, was first proposed by Soave. 5 The acentric factor, introduced by Pitzer, represents a measure of the acentricity (non-sphericity) of the molecule:v ¼ Àlog P sat r j Tr¼0:7 À 1:00 ð3:1Þwhere P sat r is the reduced vapor pressure (¼ P sat =P c ).