“…Therefore, various theories have been established to handle uncertainty, including Z number, 3 rough sets, 4,5 random permutation set, 6–8 intuitionistic fuzzy set, 9–11 and so on 12,13 . Moreover, these theories have been applied in various fields, including data fusion, 14,15 decision making, 16–19 casual inference 20 community detection, 21,22 risk assessment, 23,24 reliability analysis, 25,26 social network analysis, 27 classification, 28,29 fault diagnosis, 30 medical diagnosis, 31,32 and so on.…”