A generalized thermodynamic correlation based on three‐parameter corresponding states

Abstract

feed to a typical coal processing fluidized bed (Skinner, 1970) ; fine particles in the distribution have a considerable effect on the calculation. Similarly, it is not clear at present exactly how dp should be specified in applying the correlation for jet penetration depth to a bed with a wide range of particle sizes. ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis work was carried out at the Research Laboratories of Westinghouse Electric Corporation and was partially sponsored by the Office of Coal Research. The author wishes to thank Dr. D. L. Keairns for the encouragement and advice he has offered during many useful discussions. NOTATION & = jet nozzle diameter c& = mean particle diameter Db = initial bubble diameter gC L Lo uo = jet nozzle velocity V o = initial bubble volume y, yo Greek Letters 8 = jet half-angle p j = density of fluid pp = density of solids = acceleration due to gavity = volumetric gas flow rate = jet penetration depth measured from nozzle = jet penetration depth measured from apex of cone = length of conical section of jet (yJL = 0.55) = distance between apex of cone and jet nozzle LITERATURE CITED The volumetric and thermodynamic functions correlated by Pitzer and co-workers analytically represented with improved accuracy by a modified B W R equation of state. The representation provides a smooth transition BYUNG IK LEE and MICHAEL G. KESLER between-the original tables of Pkzer et al. aAd more recent extensions to lower temperatures. It is in a form particularly convenient for computer use. Mobi, Research and Development Corporation Post Office Box 1026 Princeton, New Jersey 08540 SCOPE The 3-parameter corresponding states principle as proposed by Pitzer and co-workers has been widely used to correlate the volumetric and thermodynamic properties needed for process design. The original correlations by Pitzer et al., based on that principle, were limited to reduced temperatures above 0.8. Several extensions to lower temperatures have appeared in the last five years. Most of these correlations are in tabular or graphical form, difficult to implement on the computer. Also, significant discrepancies appear at the interface (near T, = 0.8) between the original and extended correlations.The objective of this work was to develop an analytical correlation, based on the 3-parameter corresponding states principle and covering the whole range of T , and P, of practical interest in hydrocarbon processing. Another objeclive was to improve the accuracy and consistency of the published correlations. This has been achieved by means of two equations of state, similar in form to that of Benedict, Webb, and Rubin, for the simple and reference fluids.

Evaporation waves in superheated dodecane

“…All experiments from this series were carried out with the reservoir evacuated to a pressure of less than 1 mbar. Thermodynamic properties such as liquid and vapour densities were estimated from the Lee & Kesler (1975) The second set of experiments, the 'isothermal series', was designed to investigate the subsonic branch of the Rankine-Hugoniot curve. To achieve this goal, the liquid was exposed to decreasing values of the reservoir pressure at a fixed liquid temperature (230 • C).…”

Experimental and kinetic modeling study of 1-hexanol combustion in an opposed-flow diffusion flame

“…If these parameters are not available, they can be approximated from species with similar molecular structures. The next step was to calculate the acentric factor, ω, using the Lee-Kesler vapor-pressure relation [74]: The polarizability, α, of a molecule describes the tendency of a molecule's charge distribution to be distorted by the presence of an electric field from a nearby ion or dipole. This property can be calculated using an empirical additive formula presented by Bosque and Sales [76] that allows the estimation of polarizability from the molecular formula of hydrocarbons:…”

Corresponding-States Modeling of the Speed of Sound of Long-Chain Hydrocarbons

“…With the advent of cheaper and faster computers, Lee et al [6] suggested replacing the derivative in the Taylor series with its finite difference:…”

“…Among the different models for the estimation of speeds of sound, the corresponding-states theory, namely the Lee-Kesler approach [6] has proved to be one of the most accurate models [7][8][9], although some large deviations have been recently found for the heavier n-alkanes [9].…”