A generic energy systems model for efficient ship design and operation

International shipping has finally set a target to reduce its CO 2 emission by at least 50% by 2050. Despite this positive progress, this target is still not sufficient to reach Paris Agreement goals since CO 2 emissions from international shipping could reach 17% of global emissions by 2050 if no measures are taken. A key factor that hampers the achievement of Paris goals is the knowledge gap in terms of what level of decarbonization it is possible to achieve using all the available technologies. This paper examines the technical possibility of achieving the 1.5 • goal of the Paris Agreement and the required supporting policy measures. We project the transport demand for 6 ship types (dry bulk, container, oil tanker, gas, wet product and chemical, and general cargo) based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD's) global trade projection of 25 commodities. Subsequently, we test the impact of mitigation measures on CO 2 emissions until 2035 using an international freight transport and emission model. We present four possible decarbonization pathways which combine all the technologies available today. We found that an 82-95% reduction in CO 2 emissions could be possible by 2035. Finally, we examine the barriers and the relevant policy measures to advance the decarbonization of international maritime transport.

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“…Numbers cannot be cumulated without considering potential interactions between the measures. Sources:[7,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

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confidence: 99%

Decarbonization Pathways for International Maritime Transport: A Model-Based Policy Impact Assessment

et al. 2018

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“…Finally, Tillig et al [18] developed a method that can be used to assess the energy efficiency of a vessel in both early design phase and during operation. In this case, the ship performance is modeled in two parts: one for the assessment of a ship's energy consumption based on an ordinary static power prediction, and one for advanced operational analysis, considering hydrodynamics and machinery systems effects.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Linear and Non-Linear Programming Techniques for the Optimization of Ship Machinery Systems

Baldasso

Elg

Haglind

et al. 2019

JMSE

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The selection of a proper machinery system is one of the primary decisions to be taken during the ship-design phase. Nonetheless, this selection is made challenging by the presence of a variety of alternatives, and by the limited data availability at the early stages of the design phase. An optimization framework is presented in this paper, supporting decision making at the earliest stages of the ship-design process. The framework is suitable to perform the screening and the selection of optimal machinery configurations for a predefined ship operational profile, and it includes both linear and non-linear optimization routines. The results of the linear and the non-linear approaches are compared, and indications on what conditions are the most suitable for the application of one or the other approach are provided. Both approaches are tested for two case studies, a bulk carrier and a small cruise ship. The results indicate that both optimization approaches lead to the same layout of the machinery system, but to slightly different unit scheduling. This suggests that the use of the linear approach is suitable for design purposes, but less appropriate for operational optimization. In addition, the findings of the work suggest that the trade-off between fuel consumption and volume of the engines should be considered when selecting the machinery system for a ship.

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“…A generic energy systems model has been developed and is presented in Tillig et al (2017Tillig et al ( , 2018. It can be used to simulate and analyse the power and fuel consumption predictions for arbitrary merchant vessels under realistic operational conditions with very limited required input.…”

Section: Description Of the Upgraded Generic Energy Systems Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model consists of two parts, a static power prediction called ShipPOWER and a dynamic operation simulation model called ShipJOUR-NEY. ShipPOWER is the static part of the model which is described in Tillig et al (2017), where different levels of prediction uncertainties are discussed and presented in detail in Tillig et al (2018). The required minimum inputs are the principal dimensions (length, beam, draft, displacement), the design speed, the propeller arrangement and the propeller and engine rpm.…”

Section: Description Of the Upgraded Generic Energy Systems Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4 DOF simulation model developed for fuel consumption prediction of ships at sea

Tillig

Ringsberg

2018

Ships and Offshore Structures

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The study presents a new simulation model for the prediction of the fuel consumption of ships at sea. The model includes external forces and moments caused by the environment at sea, i.e. wind, waves and ocean currents, and solves the force and moment balances for the ship with four degrees-of-freedom (4 DOF), i.e. surge, drift, yaw and heel. To capture involuntary speed losses, engine limits are included in the model. By combining an existing power prediction model, a numerical standard hull and propeller series, and numerous empirical methods, the simulation model can be applied to conventional ships with very limited information available at the outset of an analysis, e.g. the main dimensions, engine rpm and propeller rpm. Additionally, a wind-assisted propulsion component is available. The current study describes the details of the 4 DOF model together with its applicability on three case studies on a ship route through the Baltic Sea with realistic weather forecasts. The main conclusions of the study show that there are considerable differences in the predicted fuel consumption when comparing simulation results based on 1 DOF and 4 DOF; the 4 DOF simulation model is recommended. It is shown that it is crucial to include the yaw moment balance and limits for the rudder angle when analysing ships with wind-assisted propulsion. Examples of involuntary speed losses and different modes of operation are compared and discussed, and potential problems with propeller backside cavitation and engine stalling when running a ship with a wind-assisted device are discussed.

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A generic energy systems model for efficient ship design and operation

Cited by 38 publications

References 7 publications

Decarbonization Pathways for International Maritime Transport: A Model-Based Policy Impact Assessment

Decarbonization Pathways for International Maritime Transport: A Model-Based Policy Impact Assessment

Comparative Analysis of Linear and Non-Linear Programming Techniques for the Optimization of Ship Machinery Systems

A 4 DOF simulation model developed for fuel consumption prediction of ships at sea

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