A Generic Power Converter Sizing Framework for Series-Connected DC Offshore Wind Farms

Pape, Marten; Kazerani, M.

doi:10.1109/tpel.2021.3106578

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Generally, offshore wind farms (OWFs) located at distances beyond 5080 km from shore benefit from high-voltage dc (HVDC) technology for bulk transmission, due to technical and commercial constraints associated with conventional ac transmission [2]. SC-OWFs can directly establish HVDC transmission voltage at their offshore terminals, through the output voltage summation of multiple series-connected generation units, thereby negating requirement of centralized offshore HVDC stations with massive size and weight [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

Tait

Wang

Ahmed

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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The series-connected offshore wind farm (SC-OWF) is a promising offshore wind generation solution to mitigate the need of centralized offshore high-voltage/power converter stations. Predominantly, researchers have focused on the steadystate operation and control of SC-OWFs, without considering the system-level characteristics and ability to ride-through dc side and ac network faults. This paper proposes an enhanced system for SC-OWF applications with fault-resilient capability, where comprehensive circuit configuration and protection strategies are articulated to minimize the negative effects caused by various types of dc and ac faults. For the offshore wind farm architecture, a grouping scheme is adopted where a substation based on disconnectors and diodes is proposed to realize prompt fault bypass/isolation and protection functions in the event of offshore system faults. Additionally, an onshore fault-tolerant modular multilevel converter (MMC) with modified dc-system-oriented control is employed to enable smooth and secure operation under steady-state and fault conditions. The proposed SC-OWF system is quantitatively substantiated by time-domain simulations where four ac/dc fault cases are considered, and the results consolidate the feasibility of the proposed configuration and control, indicating fault resilience of the SC-OWF system. Additionally, size, weight and cost estimations of the proposed offshore substation are presented and compared to a conventional MMC offshore station, to further highlight the merits of the proposed solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

Tait

Wang

Ahmed

2024

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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“…However, DC series-parallel collection systems face a lot of challenges in terms of insulation, operational, and control requirements [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Analyzing the operational and control challenges of DC series-parallel collection systems for offshore wind farms is a relatively new area of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In DC series-parallel collection systems, variations in the wind speed between the turbines cause the over-and under-voltage issues in the output voltage of the MVDC converters of the wind turbines [20]. Some of the studies dealing with the output-voltage variations in DC-based wind farms can be found in [21][22][23][24][25][26]. The authors of [21] have performed a rigorous analysis of the output-voltage variations in a DC wind farm and proposed a solution for using integrated storage measures to mitigate the voltage variations with findings on the sizing of the energy storage requirement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A topology design modification method is proposed in [24] to limit the output-voltage variation issues of DC series-parallel wind farms at the expense of additional protection devices and cabling requirements. A power converter sizing framework for DC series wind farms has been reported in [25], which demonstrated the methodology of power converter sizing with a case study carried out for a 450 MW offshore wind farm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Curtailment Analysis of DC Series–Parallel Offshore Wind Farms

Lakshmanan

2022

Wind

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This paper analyzes one of the most important power capture challenges of the DC series–parallel collection system, called the power curtailment losses. The wind speed difference between the series-connected turbines causes over- and under-voltage conditions in the output voltage of the MVDC (medium-voltage DC) converters of the wind turbine. The power curtailment losses caused by the upper-voltage tolerance levels of the MVDC converters of the wind turbines are analyzed considering a redundancy-based upper-voltage limiting condition. This analysis emphasizes the importance of choosing suitable voltage tolerance levels for the MVDC converters of wind turbines based on the wind farm configuration. The annual energy curtailment losses are quantified and evaluated by a comparative case study performed on a DC series–parallel-connected wind farm rated at 200 MW with the redundancy-based upper-voltage limiting condition.

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“…This is attributed to the replacement of low-frequency transformers by medium-frequency transformers which significantly reduces size, weight, and cost of the overall system. Previous approaches in the literature have investigated: (a) use of an MVDC collection grid within the wind farm followed by an MV to HV conversion stage in the offshore sub-station [12]- [15] or (b) a sub-station-less architecture where the dc outputs of several wind turbines are connected in series to form the HVDC [16]- [27]. Thus, an open question remains: how do we interface the integrated generator-rectifier topology to a medium voltage dc (MVDC) or high voltage dc (HVDC) grid?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Grid Interface for the Integrated Generator–Rectifier Architecture in Wind Energy Systems

Mukherjee

Banerjee

2022

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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An integrated generator-rectifier architecture is a promising candidate for harvesting energy from offshore wind. The most attractive feature of this architecture is that the majority of the power is processed by reliable, efficient, and inexpensive diodes operating at the generator frequency. The use of dc collection grids (medium voltage or high voltage dc) is an emerging trend in a wind farm. This article proposes a dcgrid interface circuit for the integrated-generator-rectifier and a control strategy for maximum power point tracking. Using a 10 MW illustrative design, it is shown that the proposed architecture reduces the total switch volt-ampere rating requirement by 22.8% which translates into overall loss reduction ranging between 28.3% and 71.7%, depending on the extracted power. The maximum power point tracking algorithm is implemented based on the relationship between the active-rectifier d-axis current and the generated power. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype validates the effectiveness of the proposed converter architecture and its control strategy. This approach opens up opportunities for integrating dc-collection networks with offshore wind farms through an efficient, reliable, and costeffective energy-conversion system.

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A Generic Power Converter Sizing Framework for Series-Connected DC Offshore Wind Farms

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

An Enhanced Series-Connected Offshore Wind Farm (SC-OWF) System Considering Fault Resiliency

Power Curtailment Analysis of DC Series–Parallel Offshore Wind Farms

DC Grid Interface for the Integrated Generator–Rectifier Architecture in Wind Energy Systems

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