A genetic assessment of seed production areas (SPAs) for restoration

Broadhurst, Linda; Hopley, Tara; Li, Lan; Begley, Jim

doi:10.1007/s10592-017-0977-z

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…However, there are wildland sampling localities in most populations that exceed the levels of diversity represented by the commercial germplasm sources. These results contrast with the genetic diversity patterns resolved for other developed restoration materials (e.g., Broadhurst, Hopley, Li, & Begley, ). Furthermore, when expected heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity are directly compared between the commercial germplasm sources and all of the wildland sampling localities surrounding their putative origins (this includes some, but not all, of the sampling localities in the P/W and WGB populations), the median expected heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity are higher for the commercial germplasm sources than the wildland sampling localities (Supporting Information Table , graphic representation not shown).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In response, more resources are being devoted to the development and use of native plant materials (e.g., Basey, Fant, & Kramer, 2015;Erickson, 2008;Tischew, Youtie, Kirmer, & Shaw, 2011;Wood, Doherty, & Padgett, 2015), with the hope that restoration using native plant materials can help address specific environmental challenges, rejuvenate ecosystem function, and improve the delivery of ecosystem services (Hughes, Inouye, Johnson, Underwood, & Vellend, 2008). Concurrent research has focused on ensuring that native plant materials are "appropriate" for restoration sites (see, e.g., guidance provided by Plant Conservation Alliance 2015, as well as McKay, Christian, Harrison, & Rice, 2005;Broadhurst et al, 2008;Havens et al, 2015). From a genetic perspective, appropriate native plant materials are those that avoid (or mitigate) risks associated with the mixing of local and nonlocal genotypes (Vander Mijnsbrugge, Bischoff, & Smith, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population history provides foundational knowledge for utilizing and developing native plant restoration materials

Massatti

Prendeville

Larson

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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A species’ population structure and history are critical pieces of information that can help guide the use of available native plant materials in restoration treatments and decide what new native plant materials should be developed to meet future restoration needs. In the western United States, Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass; Poaceae) is an important component of grassland and shrubland plant communities and commonly used for restoration due to its drought resistance and competitiveness with exotic weeds. We used next‐generation sequencing data to investigate the processes that shaped P. spicata's geographic pattern of genetic variation across the Intermountain West. Pseudoroegneria spicata's genetic diversity is partitioned into populations that likely differentiated since the Last Glacial Maximum. Adjacent populations display varying magnitudes of historical gene flow, with migration rates ranging from multiple migrants per generation to multiple generations per migrant. When considering the commercial germplasm sources available for restoration, genetic identities remain representative of the wildland localities from which germplasm sources were originally developed, and they maintain high levels of heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity. However, the commercial germplasm sources represent a small fraction of the overall genetic diversity of P. spicata in the Intermountain West. Given the low migration rates and long divergence times between some pairs of P. spicata populations, using commercial germplasm sources could facilitate undesirable restoration outcomes when used in certain geographic areas, even if the environment in which the commercial materials thrive is similar to that of the restoration site. As such, population structure and history can be used to provide guidance on what geographic areas may need additional native plant materials so that restoration efforts support species and community resilience and improve outcomes.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population history provides foundational knowledge for utilizing and developing native plant restoration materials

Massatti

Prendeville

Larson

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Applications

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“…growing source populations in a nursery setting and allowing them to cross, producing a large quantity of seeds that is more diverse and presumably less inbred than any single source population). Producing seeds in a nursery setting may be necessary when insufficient plant material is available from source populations, or when source populations have limited diversity or show signs of inbreeding depression (Broadhurst et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While approaches to increase diversity and alleviate inbreeding in plant materials for restoration and reintroduction are advancing on multiple continents, including Europe (Bucharova et al ), North America (Dolan et al ), and Australia (Broadhurst et al ), little empirical data are available to evaluate the effects of nursery production of mixed‐source plant materials on the diversity of the resulting crop used to implement reintroductions. Multiple steps in the production process have been identified where unintentional changes in diversity may occur (Basey et al ; Espeland et al ), but few have been investigated in real‐world settings, making it challenging to understand the likelihood and relative strength of potential genetic bottlenecks in the production process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing source populations increases genetic diversity of restored rare plant populations

Clair

Dunwiddie

Fant

et al. 2020

Restoration Ecology

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The genetic diversity of germplasm used in reintroduction and restoration efforts can influence how resulting populations establish, reproduce, and evolve over time, particularly in disturbed and changing conditions. Regional admixture provenancing, mixing seeds derived from multiple populations within the same region as the target site, has been suggested to produce genetically diverse germplasm. Yet little empirical evidence shows how genetic diversity in germplasm resulting from this approach compares to source populations, or how it varies in restored populations. Here, we use neutral molecular markers to follow genetic diversity through production and use of germplasm when mixing multiple source populations in nursery production beds. Castilleja levisecta is a rare species experiencing inbreeding depression in remaining populations, with a federal recovery plan requiring the re-establishment of populations in areas where it has been extirpated. Specifically, we track diversity from wild-collected source populations through different production approaches and reintroductions using two propagule types. We show that measures of genetic diversity, inbreeding, and relatedness change during the production and use of material produced with a regional admixture provenancing approach, with the step at which source populations are mixed and germplasm type used influencing whether all source populations are equally represented. While genetic diversity increased throughout the process, inbreeding and relatedness increased in nursery production beds but decreased in reintroductions, with the lowest inbreeding and relatedness in populations restored using seeds rather than plugs. The results highlight the importance of taking an integrated approach informed by research when planning and implementing reintroductions with mixed-source germplasm.• When using a regional admixture provenancing approach to produce genetically diverse germplasm for restoration use, the decision to mix populations before or after nursery production can influence the likelihood that all source populations are represented in restored populations.• Planting each source population in separate but adjacent nursery production rows, and mixing produced seeds immediately prior to restoration activities, led to restored populations that had desired representation of all source populations. The same was not true when source populations were mixed prior to planting in nursery beds.• Propagule type used (seed versus plug) may influence the inbreeding and relatedness of plants in a restored population: the lowest inbreeding and relatedness was found in restorations using seeds rather than plugs.

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“…Levels of genetic diversity were comparable between the Seed Production Areas at Numurkah and Dookie and natural populations (Broadhurst et al . ). However, significant inbreeding was observed in many remnants and their associated seed crops ‐ as well as some seed production areas and the seed crops that these were producing.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring grassy woodland diversity through direct seeding: Insights from six ‘best‐practice’ case studies in southern Australia

Cuneo¹,

Gibson‐Roy²,

Fifield³

et al. 2018

Eco Management Restoration

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Ecological restoration of grassy woodland ecosystems is now a significant landscape‐scale conservation objective throughout southern Australia. Technological improvements in direct seeding are now sufficiently well‐advanced to examine whether cost‐effective restoration of grassy woodlands is feasible. Consideration of six ‘best practice case studies shows substantial evidence of success. Further refinement of direct seeding techniques, in combination with native seed production systems, however, will be required into the future to meet the scale of woodland conservation targets and restore ecological function.

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A genetic assessment of seed production areas (SPAs) for restoration

Cited by 10 publications

References 52 publications

Population history provides foundational knowledge for utilizing and developing native plant restoration materials

Population history provides foundational knowledge for utilizing and developing native plant restoration materials

Mixing source populations increases genetic diversity of restored rare plant populations

Restoring grassy woodland diversity through direct seeding: Insights from six ‘best‐practice’ case studies in southern Australia

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