A Genetic Assessment of the Eastern Wolf (Canis Lycaon) in Algonquin Provincial Park

Grewal, Sonya; Wilson, Paul J.; Kung, Tabitha K.; Shami, Karmi; Theberge, Mary T.; Theberge, John B.; White, Bradley N.

doi:10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0625:agaote>2.0.co;2

Cited by 49 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…distribution is continuous between APP and NEON, samples from the region directly north of APP were unavailable. NEON and APP samples were extracted with a DNeasy Blood and Tissue kit (Qiagen, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) according to the manufacturer's directions and those from FRAX were extracted as described in Grewal et al (2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chemical and cycling conditions for the Y chromosome microsatellite loci were as follows: For MS34, 5-10 ng of DNA was amplified in a 15 ml reaction with 1 Â PCR buffer, 0.2 mM dNTPs (Invitrogen, Burlington, Ontario, Canada), 1.5 mM MgCl 2 , 0.1 mM MS34A-F primer, 0.15 mM MS34B-F primer, 0.2 mM MS34-R primer and 1 U Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen). PCR cycling included an initial Sequences were edited in BioEdit (Hall, 2007) and mtDNA sequences were assigned unique haplotype codes (Cx) identified in Wilson et al (2000) and Grewal et al (2004). Haplotypes C1 and C3 are considered eastern wolf specific based on previously published phylogenetic analyses (Wilson et al, 2000;Rutledge et al, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Y chromosome haplotypes associated with intron 1 are considered ancestral because introns 2, 3 and 4 each differ from intron 1 by only one nucleotide (Shami, 2002), although conservatively Intron 1 may be interpreted as a North American evolved Y chromosome haplotype that is shared between eastern wolves and coyotes (Wilson et al, in review). Y chromosome microsatellite haplotypes were assigned according to previously reported nomenclature (Grewal et al, 2004;Wilson et al, in review).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our interpretation is different from previous suggestions that Algonquin animals represent the southern edge of a larger metapopulation (Grewal et al, 2004;Wilson et al, 2009), but is consistent with morphological and ecological data that support the Algonquin animals as distinct from surrounding populations (Kolenosky and Standfield, 1975;Theberge and Theberge, 2004;Holloway, 2010). Although results from both the current and previous studies suggest gene flow across a cline, homogeneous neighbouring populations are not evident; the three Canis groups remain quite distinct.…”

Section: Ly Rutledge Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has suggested that eastern wolves in APP represent the southern extent of a larger metapopulation (Grewal et al, 2004;Wilson et al, 2009). However, the recent development of advanced analytical tools for genetic and spatial data, combined with pedigree data, allows for a more detailed account of gene flow and differentiation in Ontario Canis populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic differentiation of eastern wolves in Algonquin Park despite bridging gene flow between coyotes and grey wolves

et al. 2010

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ly Rutledge Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic differentiation of eastern wolves in Algonquin Park despite bridging gene flow between coyotes and grey wolves

et al. 2010

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Y‐chromosome evidence supports widespread signatures of three‐species Canis hybridization in eastern North America

Wilson

Rutledge

Wheeldon

et al. 2012

Ecology and Evolution

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There has been considerable discussion on the origin of the red wolf and eastern wolf and their evolution independent of the gray wolf. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a Y-chromosome intron sequence in combination with Y-chromosome microsatellites from wolves and coyotes within the range of extensive wolf–coyote hybridization, that is, eastern North America. The detection of divergent Y-chromosome haplotypes in the historic range of the eastern wolf is concordant with earlier mtDNA findings, and the absence of these haplotypes in western coyotes supports the existence of the North American evolved eastern wolf (Canis lycaon). Having haplotypes observed exclusively in eastern North America as a result of insufficient sampling in the historic range of the coyote or that these lineages subsequently went extinct in western geographies is unlikely given that eastern-specific mtDNA and Y-chromosome haplotypes represent lineages divergent from those observed in extant western coyotes. By combining Y-chromosome and mtDNA distributional patterns, we identified hybrid genomes of eastern wolf, coyote, gray wolf, and potentially dog origin in Canis populations of central and eastern North America. The natural contemporary eastern Canis populations represent an important example of widespread introgression resulting in hybrid genomes across the original C. lycaon range that appears to be facilitated by the eastern wolf acting as a conduit for hybridization. Applying conventional taxonomic nomenclature and species-based conservation initiatives, particularly in human-modified landscapes, may be counterproductive to the effective management of these hybrids and fails to consider their evolutionary potential.

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Canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human‐modified landscapes

Strønen

Tessier

Jolicoeur

et al. 2012

Ecology and Evolution

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Contemporary evolution through human-induced hybridization occurs throughout the taxonomic range. Formerly allopatric species appear especially susceptible to hybridization. Consequently, hybridization is expected to be more common in regions with recent sympatry owing to human activity than in areas of historical range overlap. Coyotes (Canis latrans) and gray wolves (C. lupus) are historically sympatric in western North America. Following European settlement gray wolf range contracted, whereas coyote range expanded to include eastern North America. Furthermore, wolves with New World (NW) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes now extend from Manitoba to Québec in Canada and hybridize with gray wolves and coyotes. Using mtDNA and 12 microsatellite markers, we evaluated levels of wolf-coyote hybridization in regions where coyotes were present (the Canadian Prairies, n = 109 samples) and absent historically (Québec, n = 154). Wolves with NW mtDNA extended from central Saskatchewan (51°N, 69°W) to northeastern Québec (54°N, 108°W). On the Prairies, 6.3% of coyotes and 9.2% of wolves had genetic profiles suggesting wolf-coyote hybridization. In contrast, 12.6% of coyotes and 37.4% of wolves in Québec had profiles indicating hybrid origin. Wolves with NW and Old World (C. lupus) mtDNA appear to form integrated populations in both regions. Our results suggest that hybridization is more frequent in historically allopatric populations. Range shifts, now expected across taxa following climate change and other human influence on the environment, might therefore promote contemporary evolution by hybridization.

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A Genetic Assessment of the Eastern Wolf (Canis Lycaon) in Algonquin Provincial Park

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Genetic differentiation of eastern wolves in Algonquin Park despite bridging gene flow between coyotes and grey wolves

Genetic differentiation of eastern wolves in Algonquin Park despite bridging gene flow between coyotes and grey wolves

Y‐chromosome evidence supports widespread signatures of three‐species Canis hybridization in eastern North America

Canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human‐modified landscapes

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