A geometrically accurate vascular phantom for comparative studies of x‐ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance vascular imaging: construction and geometrical verification

Frayne, Richard; Gowman, Linda M.; Rickey, Daniel W.; Holdsworth, David W.; Picot, Paul A.; Drangova, Maria; Chu, Ken C.; Caldwell, Curtis; Fenster, Aaron; Rutt, Brian K.

doi:10.1118/1.597141

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Previous studies usually used tissue mimicking material based on agar, with added compounds to change gel properties (Frayne et al 1993). For example, propanol and glycerol were used to increase the acoustic velocity, and cellulose particles and graphite were used to increase the attenuation (Frayne et al 1993;Peopping et al 2002;Rickey et al 1995). In addition, formaldehyde was added to decrease compliance, increase melting point, and make the tissue mimicking material resistant to bacterial degradation (Peopping et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the exact flow through the phantom must be known, a rigid tube is often used to form the channel, providing a known and inflexible geometry. Studies using acrylic, heat-shrink tubing (Rickey et al 1995), dialysis tubing (Potdevin et al 2004), polyester resin (Frayne et al 1993), and quartz (Law et al 1998) have been reported. However, all of these materials have high attenuation and acoustic impedance and introduce an impedance mismatch between the channel and tissue/blood mimicking material (Law et al 1998), leading to reflection and other artifacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve this, one approach is to use an artificial blood mimicking fluid. For example, machine cutting fluid (Dabrowski et al 2001;Frayne et al 1993;Rickey et al 1995) or glycerol (Law et al 1989;Peopping et al 2002;Ramnarine et al 1998) can be mixed with water to increase its viscosity and density. Also, small particles such as cellulose (Law et al 1989) or nylon (Dabrowski et al 2001;Peopping et al 2002;Ramnarine et al 1998;Rickey et al 1995) can be added to water to increase scattering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsatile Flow Phantom for Ultrasound Image-Guided HIFU Treatment of Vascular Injuries

Greaby

Zderic

Vaezy

2007

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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A pulsatile flow phantom was developed for studies of ultrasound image-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) application in transcutaneous hemostasis of injured blood vessels. The flow phantom consisted of a pulsatile pump system with instrumented excised porcine carotid artery, which was imbedded in a transparent agarose gel to model structural configuration of in-vivo tissues. Heparinized porcine blood was circulated through the phantom. The artery was injured using an 18 Gauge needle to model a penetrating injury in human peripheral vasculature. A HIFU transducer with the diameter of 7 cm, focal length of 6.3 cm and frequency of 3.4 MHz was used to seal the puncture. Ultrasound imaging was used to localize and target the puncture site, and monitor the HIFU treatment. Triphasic blood flows present in the human arteries were reproduced, with flow rates of 50-500 ml/min, pulse rates of 62-138 beats/min, and peak pressures of 100-250 mmHg. The penetrating injury of an artery was mimicked successfully in the flow phantom setting, and was easily visualized both optically through the transparent gel and with Power Doppler ultrasound imaging. Hemostasis was achieved in 55 ± 31 s (n=9) of HIFU application. Histological observations showed that a HIFU-sealed puncture was filled with clotted blood and covered with a fibrin cap. The pulsatile flow phantom provides a controlled and repeatable environment for studies of transcutaneous imageguided HIFU application in hemostasis of a variety of blood vessel injuries.

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Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pulsatile Flow Phantom for Ultrasound Image-Guided HIFU Treatment of Vascular Injuries

Greaby

Zderic

Vaezy

2007

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…However, the validation procedures for new imaging techniques can also include in vitro flow phantom experimentation [7][8][9][10] wherein a valid comparative study could be conducted by imaging a standardized vascular phantom with each modality, with the phantom ideally containing fiducial markers to aid image registration. Four such multi-modality vascular phantoms have been developed and described in the literature, each of which contained fiducial markers to aid image registration [7][8][9]11].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four such multi-modality vascular phantoms have been developed and described in the literature, each of which contained fiducial markers to aid image registration [7][8][9]11]. Frayne et al developed a carotid vascular phantom for comparative studies of X-70 75 ray DSA, US and MRI [9]. However, the vessel mimicking material, polyester resin, used for the vessel wall in this phantom was found to be only suitable for X-ray imaging, with artifacts occurring in both US and MR images.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative imaging study in ultrasound, MRI, CT, and DSA using a multimodality renal artery phantom

King¹,

Fagan

Moran

et al. 2011

Medical Physics

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Purpose: A range of anatomically-realistic multi-modality renal artery phantoms consisting of vessels with varying degrees of stenosis was developed and evaluated using four imaging techniques currently used to detect renal artery stenosis (RAS).The spatial resolution required to visualize vascular geometry and the velocity detection performance required to adequately characterize blood flow in patients suffering from RAS is currently ill-defined, with the result that no one imaging modality has emerged as a gold standard technique for screening for this disease. Methods:The phantoms, which contained a range of stenosis values (0, 30, 50, 70 and 85%), were designed for use with ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray computed tomography and X-ray digital subtraction angiography. The construction materials used were optimized with respect to their ultrasonic speed of sound and attenuation coefficient, MR relaxometry (T 1 , T 2 ) properties, and Hounsfield number / X-ray attenuation coefficient, with a design capable of tolerating high-pressure pulsatile flow. Fiducial targets, incorporated into the phantoms to allow for 1 2 registration of images among modalities, were chosen to minimize geometric distortions.Results: High quality distortion-free images of the phantoms with good contrast between vessel lumen, fiducial markers and background tissue to visualize all stenoses were obtained with each modality. Quantitative assessments of the grade of stenosis revealed significant discrepancies between modalities, with each underestimating the stenosis severity for the higher-stenosed phantoms (70% and 85%) by up to 14%, with the greatest discrepancy attributable to DSA. Conclusions:The design and construction of a range of anatomically-realistic renal artery phantoms containing varying degrees of stenosis is described. Images obtained using the main four diagnostic techniques used to detect RAS were free from artifacts and exhibited adequate contrast to allow for quantitative measurements of the degree of stenosis in each phantom. Such multi-modality phantoms may prove useful in evaluating current and emerging US, MRI, CT and DSA technology.

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Anthropomorphic carotid bifurcation phantom for MRI applications

Smith

Rutt

Holdsworth

1999

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging

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Anthropomorphic carotid bifurcation flow phantoms that incorporate different stenotic geometries within the internal carotid artery have been developed. This technique produces high‐fidelity, life‐size vascular flow models that are compatible with magnetic resonance techniques. The models, in conjunction with a computer‐controlled flow pump, address the need for a complex vascular geometry that can be used to verify magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) techniques that quantify stenosis severity and blood flow. Stenotic geometries, with up to 80% diameter reduction, have been fabricated in two different phantom materials. Plastic phantoms provide a durable, rigid geometry where the absolute dimensions of the model are well known. Agar gel phantoms provide tissue‐like signal (T1, T2) up to the lumen boundary and are also compatible with ultrasound techniques. In this paper the technique to produce vascular flow phantoms is outlined and the compatibility of these phantoms with MRA techniques is demonstrated. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;10:533–544. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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A geometrically accurate vascular phantom for comparative studies of x‐ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance vascular imaging: construction and geometrical verification

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Pulsatile Flow Phantom for Ultrasound Image-Guided HIFU Treatment of Vascular Injuries

Pulsatile Flow Phantom for Ultrasound Image-Guided HIFU Treatment of Vascular Injuries

Comparative imaging study in ultrasound, MRI, CT, and DSA using a multimodality renal artery phantom

Anthropomorphic carotid bifurcation phantom for MRI applications

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