A GIS-based analysis of constraints on pedestrian tsunami evacuation routes: Cascais case study (Portugal)

Trindade, André Felipe Seixas; Teves-Costa, Paula; Catita, Cristina

doi:10.1007/s11069-017-3152-4

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although human lives in coastal areas are the most important element under risk in case of any natural hazard, population density distribution was seldom considered in tsunami hazard and evacuation models [15]. Hence, this study overcomes this issue by integrating population density at the town level that was estimated from the DMSP/OLS NTL image with the tsunami hazard map of PRE to model evacuation priority in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evacuation Priority Method in Tsunami Hazard Based on DMSP/OLS Population Mapping in the Pearl River Estuary, China

Mohamadi

Chen

Liu

2019

IJGI

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Evacuation plans are critical in case of natural disaster to save people’s lives. The priority of population evacuation on coastal areas could be useful to reduce the death toll in case of tsunami hazard. In this study, the population density remote sensing mapping approach was developed using population records in 2013 and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) night-time light (NTL) image of the same year for defining the coastal densest resident areas in Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China. Two pixel-based saturation correction methods were evaluated for application of population density mapping to enhance DMSP/OLS NTL image. The Vegetation Adjusted NTL Urban Index (VANUI) correction method (R2 (original/corrected): 0.504, Std. error: 0.0069) was found to be the better-fit correction method of NTL image saturation for the study area compared to Human Settlement Index (HSI) correction method (R2 (original/corrected): 0.219, Std. error: 0.1676). The study also gained a better dynamic range of HSI correction (0~25 vs. 0.1~5.07) compared to the previous one [27]. The town-level’s population NTL simulation model is built (R2 = 0.43, N = 47) for the first time in PRE with mean relative error (MSE) of 32% (N = 24, town level), On the other side, the tsunami hazard map was produced based on numerical modeling of potential tsunami wave height and velocity, combining with the river net system, elevation, slope, and vegetation cover factors. Both results were combined to produce an evacuation map in PRE. The simulation of tsunami exposure on density of population showed that the highest evacuation priority was found to be in most of Zhuhai city area and the coastal area of Shenzhen City under wave height of nine meters, while lowest evacuation priority was defined in Panyu and Nansha Districts of Guangzhou City, eastern and western parts of Zhongshan City, and northeast and northwest parts of Dongguan City. The method of tsunami risk simulation and the result of mapped tsunami exposure are of significance for direction to tsunami disaster-risk reduction or evacuation traffic arrangement in PRE or other coastal areas in the world.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evacuation plans were proposed in different ways. Mainly, as a GIS-based analysis to map the best routes for horizontal evacuation [14][15][16], and vertical evacuation [17,18]. Nevertheless, present evacuation plans in many studies did not evaluate population density in hazardous areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evacuation Priority Method in Tsunami Hazard Based on DMSP/OLS Population Mapping in the Pearl River Estuary, China

Mohamadi

Chen

Liu

2019

IJGI

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“…The locations not inundated by the model were proposed as potential vertical evacuation sites. Several conditions were used to categorize the non-inundated locations as evacuation sites; that is, they should be easily accessible, not in isolated places, and be able to accommodate a large number of people (Trindade et al 2018 ). where H min VE is the minimum height of a vertical evacuation site and H run-up is the height of the maximum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning tsunami vertical evacuation routes using high-resolution UAV digital elevation model: case study in Drini Coastal Area, Java, Indonesia

et al. 2021

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Tsunami evacuation is a short process that must be carried out in minutes. Determining the evacuation routes and safe areas is equally important in tsunami evacuation planning. It can be established from least cost distance (LCD) anisotropic model. We use the coastal of Drini, Gunungkidul, Java, Indonesia, as the study area, which is located in a tropical coastal karst region, with a typical karst cone formation. The topographic condition of the karst cone could be an ideal location for tsunami vertical evacuation (TVE). High-resolution orthomosaic images and digital elevation model (DEM) generated from the structure from motion (SfM) process were used as the main data. The tsunami inundation model was calculated based on neighboring operations using raster calculator from the elevation value in the DEM. Land cover identification from high-scale orthomosaic images showed the variation in speed conservation values (SCVs). The slope value was also used as a surface cost that will affect the travel time to the TVE shelters. The results of the model show that TVE is the main alternative in tsunami evacuation planning beside horizontal evacuation. They provide an evaluation of the location of the assembly points and evacuation routes provided by the government, which have been considered ineffective because of the inappropriate model. The results of the study provide an overview of determining the evacuation routes and shelters. Optimum locations can minimize travel time, provide adequate capacity, and be safe from inundation.

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“…Evacuation routes are typically identified by local and state officials, and reviewed by the department that develops the inundation maps (Gonza ´lez et al 2001(Gonza ´lez et al , 2005Bernard 2005;Kurowski et al 2011), or determined in close collaboration with communities and with feedback from tsunami experts (Bernard 2005). Some efforts exist in the search of highpriority tsunami evacuation routes for more effective evacuation (NTHMP 2018) or in the identification of the optimal evacuation route using various advanced algorithms, for example, the modified shortest path algorithm (Shekhar et al 2012), the algorithm using GIS techniques (Schuster and Gomez 2013;Ai et al 2016;Trindade et al 2018), graph theory-based evacuation routing algorithm (Pe ´roche et al 2014;Patel et al 2016), and discrete optimization algorithm (Forcael et al 2014), and so on. However, to the best of our knowledge, the development of the tsunami evacuation map and identification of the evacuation route lack the support from evacuation simulation, and few efforts are put in the quantitative evaluation of the existing tsunami evacuation route effectiveness (that is, investigating the impact of route usage on the evacuation risk based on tsunami evacuation simulation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based and Risk-Informed Assessment of the Effectiveness of Tsunami Evacuation Routes Using Agent-Based Modeling: A Case Study of Seaside, Oregon

Wang

Jia

2021

Int J Disaster Risk Sci

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Typically, tsunami evacuation routes are marked using signs in the transportation network and the evacuation map is made to educate people on how to follow the evacuation route. However, tsunami evacuation routes are usually identified without the support of evacuation simulation, and the route effectiveness in the reduction of evacuation risk is typically unknown quantitatively. This study proposes a simulation-based and risk-informed framework for quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of evacuation routes in reducing evacuation risk. An agent-based model is used to simulate the tsunami evacuation, which is then used in a simulation-based risk assessment framework to evaluate the evacuation risk. The route effectiveness in reducing the evacuation risk is evaluated by investigating how the evacuation risk varies with the proportion of the evacuees that use the evacuation route. The impacts of critical risk factors such as evacuation mode (for example, on foot or by car) and population size and distribution on the route effectiveness are also investigated. The evacuation risks under different cases are efficiently calculated using the augmented sample-based approach. The proposed approach is applied to the risk-informed evaluation of the route effectiveness for tsunami evacuation in Seaside, Oregon. The evaluation results show that the route usage is overall effective in reducing the evacuation risk in the study area. The results can be used for evacuation preparedness education and hence effective evacuation.

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A GIS-based analysis of constraints on pedestrian tsunami evacuation routes: Cascais case study (Portugal)

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Evacuation Priority Method in Tsunami Hazard Based on DMSP/OLS Population Mapping in the Pearl River Estuary, China

Evacuation Priority Method in Tsunami Hazard Based on DMSP/OLS Population Mapping in the Pearl River Estuary, China

Planning tsunami vertical evacuation routes using high-resolution UAV digital elevation model: case study in Drini Coastal Area, Java, Indonesia

Simulation-Based and Risk-Informed Assessment of the Effectiveness of Tsunami Evacuation Routes Using Agent-Based Modeling: A Case Study of Seaside, Oregon

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